1. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School BIOTECHNOLOGY ( c ) Re-Programming Microbes

2. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 1. In cells such as bacteria which do not have a nucleus, where are the chromosomes found? In a plasmid, or a circle of 1 single chromosome

3. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 2. How can human DNA strands be cut so that they can be placed into bacterial cells? By using enzymes

4. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 3. What are some of the advantages of genetic engineering over selective breeding? Only a single characteristic can be modified The change in characteristic can happen in a few years rather than over many generations.

5. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 4. Give 2 reasons why the need for insulin is increasing each year. Increased numbers of diabetics Increased demand for insulin – animal insulin could soon be in short supply.

6. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 5. What is the advantage of genetically engineered insulin over insulin produced from slaughtered animals? Some people are allergic to cattle or pig insulin – no allergies with genetically engineered insulin Some people do not like the thought of using animal insulin.

7. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 6. Name another economically important product from genetic engineering. Human growth hormone

8. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 7. What kind of biologically active ingredient do biological detergents use to digest stains? Enzymes

9. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 8. Give 2 advantages of using a biological detergent instead of a non-biological. Washes are done at a lower temperature – this saves time and money. Delicate fabrics are cleaned with less damage to the fabric.

10. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 9. What effect do antibiotics have on bacteria? Antibiotics kill bacteria

11. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 10. In the diagram below, which antibiotics had an effect on the bacteria? Antibiotics B and A (the clear area round A and B shows that no bacteria are growing – the antibiotic has killed it). A D C B multodisc clear area bacterial growth on agar plate

12. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 11. An agent which acts as a carrier between 2 species is called a vector. Which part of a bacterium’s chromosomal material could this term be used to describe? The plasmid

13. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 12. Arrange the following steps involved in the process of genetic engineering in the correct order. A)Identification Insertion of a gene into a plasmid and the plasmid into a bacterium B)Removal of the required gene from an organism C)Growth and multiplication of a bacterial cell forming the product D) Extraction and opening up of the bacterial plasmid B D A C

14. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 13. What name is given to the traditional method by which man produced new varieties of useful organisms? Selective Breeding

15. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 14. What is insulin? Why is insulin essential? It converts excess glucose to glycogen Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas

16. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 15. Why is a range of antibiotics needed in the treatment of bacterial disease? Different bacteria produce different diseases, so a different antibiotic is needed for each bacterium.

17. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 16. Who discovered antibiotics? Alexander Fleming

18. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 17. Are immobilised enzymes used in Continuous Flow or Batch Processing industrial processes? Continuous flow

19. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 18. Why is Continuous Flow processing more advantageous than Batch Processing? The end product does not have the enzyme mixed with it The enzyme can be re-used many times No time is lost between each lot through the vessel No waste – enzymes are not discarded

20. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School 19. Which of the following statements refer to Batch Processing? Vat cleaned out before re-filling Immobilised enzymes used All ingredients mixed together at start Pure product flows out Substance added gradually An extra process is needed to separate the substance from the catalyst This one!

21. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School This is the end of the questions on Re-Programming Microbes

22. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School This is the end of the questions on Re-Programming Microbes

23. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School This is the end of the questions on Re-Programming Microbes

24. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School This is the end of the questions on Re-Programming Microbes

25. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School This is the end of the questions on Re-Programming microbes

26. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School This is the end of the questions on Re-Programming Microbes

27. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School This is the end of the questions on Re-Programming Microbes

28. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School This is the end of the questions on Re-Programming Microbes

29. W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School This is the end of the questions on Re-Programming Microbes These revision questions will automatically run again. If you want to return to the list of revision topics click on the back browser on your toolbar.