1. NOC 20071 M. F. Chiang M. F. Chiang, Z. Ghassemlooy, Wai Pang Ng, and H. Le Minh Optical Communication Research Group Northumbria University, United Kingdom http://soe.unn.ac.uk/ncrlab/ All-optical Packet Switched Router With Multiple Pulse Position Routing Tables

2. NOC 20072 M. F. Chiang Contents Introduction PPM Routing Table (PPRT) & Multiple PPRTs Address Correlation with Multiple PPRTs Proposed Node Architecture Simulation Results Conclusions

3. NOC 20073 M. F. Chiang Introduction  There is a growing demand for all optical switches and router at very high speed, to avoid the bottleneck imposed by the electronic switches.  The development of ultra high-speed all-optical switches & logic gates (such as AND, OR and XOR) with operating data rates above 40 Gbit/s have become the key enabling technology for realising all-optical routers.

4. NOC 20074 M. F. Chiang – Introduction – Optical networks Proposed core optical router Source / target node Payload Address Clock Optical Packet

5. NOC 20075 M. F. Chiang Introduction- Research Aim  Packet processing in a large dimension network (routing table with hundreds or thousands of entries) results in throughput latency. Therefore by converting packet header and the routing table from a binary RZ into a pulse position modulation (PPM) format. The size of the PPM routing table is significantly reduced.  Furthermore, by employing multiple PPRTs, only a subset of the header address are converted into a PPM format, thus resulting in a reduced length of PPRT entries thus resulting in a faster packet processing.

6. NOC 20076 M. F. Chiang PPM Conversion

7. NOC 20077 M. F. Chiang Routing Table Conventional RT Single PPRTMultiple PPRTs

8. NOC 20078 M. F. Chiang Address Correlation with Multiple PPRTs 11100 =28d

9. NOC 20079 M. F. Chiang Multiple PPRTs E 1A E 2A E 3A E 1B E 2B E 3B E 1C E 2C E 3C E 1D E 2D E 3D E A (24 – 31)E B (16 – 23)E C (8 – 15)E D (0 – 7) E1E1 E2E2 E3E3 Check MSBs a4 a4 a3 a3 (X=2) a2 a1 a0a2 a1 a0 a 4 a 3 =11 a 4 a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 (N=5) a 4 a 3 =10a 4 a 3 =01a 4 a 3 =00

10. NOC 200710 M. F. Chiang Clk Matched pulse … … CP 1 CP 2 CP M Port 1 Port 2 Port M Multiple PPRT Generator All-optical Switch … &2 &M&M Clock Extraction Header Extraction PPM Add. Conversion OSWM OSW2 OSW1 … OSWC Synchronisation APLClk APLClk APLClk APLClk PPMA a2a1a0a2a1a0 Node architecture Entry 1 Entry 2 … Group A Multiple PPRT Group B Group C Group D SW4 SW3 a4a4 a3a3 a3a3 a 4 a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 1 1 x x x … Entry M … &1 Unicast transmission

11. NOC 200711 M. F. Chiang Clk Matched pulse … CP 1 CP 2 CP M Port 1 Port 2 Port M Multiple PPRT Generator All-optical Switch … &M&M Clock Extraction Header Extraction PPM Add. Conversion OSWM OSW1 … OSWC Synchronisation APLClk APLClk APLClk APLClk PPMA a2a1a0a2a1a0 Node architecture Entry 1 Entry 2 … Group A Multiple PPRT Group B Group C Group D SW4 SW3 a4a4 a3a3 a3a3 a 4 a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 1 0 x x x … Entry M … Matched pulse &1 OSW2 APLClk … &2 Multicast transmission

12. NOC 200712 M. F. Chiang Clk Matched pulse … CP 1 CP 2 CP M Port 1 Port 2 Port M Multiple PPRT Generator All-optical Switch … Clock Extraction Header Extraction PPM Add. Conversion OSWM OSW1 … OSWC Synchronisation APLClk APLClk APLClk APLClk PPMA a2a1a0a2a1a0 Node architecture Entry 1 Entry 2 … Group A Multiple PPRT Group B Group C Group D SW4 SW3 a4a4 a3a3 a3a3 a 4 a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 0 1 x x x … Entry M … Matched pulse &1 OSW2 APLClk … &2 Matched pulse &M&M APLClk Broadcast transmission

13. NOC 200713 M. F. Chiang Simulation Results-Simulation Parameters Simulation Tool: Virtual Photonic Inc. (VPI)

14. NOC 200714 M. F. Chiang Simulation Results-Time Waveforms (a) input packet (b) extracted clock signals (c) matched signals at AND1 (d) switched packets at router’s output 1

15. NOC 200715 M. F. Chiang Simulation Results-Time Waveforms (g) matched signals at AND3 (h) switched packets at router’s output 3 (e) matched signals at AND2 (f) switched packets at router’s output 2

16. NOC 200716 M. F. Chiang Conclusions  In this paper, the principle of the new multiple PPRTs and the node architecture were proposed.  It was shown that by using multiple PPRTs, the number and the length of entries are significantly further reduced compared with existing RTs and PPRTs, respectively.  The proposed router offers a faster processing time especially for packets with long address bits. and is capable of operating in the unicast, multicast and broadcast transmission modes.

17. NOC 200717 M. F. Chiang Special Thanks Special Thanks for Prof. Fary Ghassemlooy Dr. Wai Pang Ng Mr. Hoa Le Minh All colleagues in NCRL & Your Attention Acknowledgements

18. NOC 200718 M. F. Chiang Thank You ! Question, please ?