1. Gender Inequality in Film: Examining On-Screen Portrayals and Behind-the-Scenes Employment Patterns Dr. Stacy L. Smith Media, Diversity, & Social Change Initiative USC Annenberg

2. #1 Females are Still Sidelined in Popular Top-Grossing Films

3. annenberg.usc.edu Prevalence 20072008200920102012 % of female characters 29.9%32.8% 30.3%28.4% male to female ratio 2.35 to 12.05 to 1 2.3 to 12.51 to 1 % w/gender balanced casts 11.9%15%16.8%4%6% Total # of speaking characters 4,3794,3704,3424,1534,475 Note: ASCJ study examining character demographics and hypersexuality across 500 films from 2007 to 2012. Females’ Employment Patterns On Screen

4. annenberg.usc.edu Prevalence 20072008200920102012 % of female directors 2.7%8%3.6%2.7%4.1% % of female writers 11.2%13.6%13.5%11.1%12.2% % of female producers 20.5%19.1%21.6%18.3%20% gender ratio 5 to 14.9 to 14.5 to 15.5 to 15 to 1 Note: ASCJ study examining character demographics and hypersexuality across 500 films from 2007 to 2012. Females’ Employment Patterns Behind the Camera

5. annenberg.usc.edu Reasons for the Infrequency of Females in Film Reason% of Responses Positive Male Market Forces 43.7% Male-Dominated Industry 32% Male Target Audience 20.4% Males Resist Females’ Stories 17.5% Negative Female Market Forces 15.5% Note: The percentages reflect the proportion of participants within reason giving a particular explanation for gender imbalance. Thus, the response column does not total 100%. Study funded by the Geena Davis Institute for Gender and Media.

6. annenberg.usc.edu Females On-Screen and Behind-the-Scenes across 500 Top Grossing Films Note: ASCJ funded study examining directors and writers in 100 top-grossing films from 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012.

7. #2 Females are Still Sexualized in Popular Top-Grossing Films

8. annenberg.usc.edu Female Sexualization in Entertainment Prevalence 20072008200920102012 % in sexy attire 27%25.7%25.8%33.8%31.6% % w/some exposed skin 21.8%23.7%23.6%30.8%31% % referenced attractive 18.5%15.1%10.9%14.7% Not Measured Note: ASCJ study examining character demographics and hypersexuality across 500 films from 2007 to 2012.

9. annenberg.usc.edu Percentages of Females in Sexy Attire by Age: 2007-2012 Note: ASCJ study examining character demographics and hypersexuality across 500 films from 2007 to 2012.

10. #3 The Independent Space is More Egalitarian than the Commercial Space

11. annenberg.usc.edu Females in Key Creative Positions by Storytelling Platform PositionNarrativeDocumentary Directors16.9%34.5% Writers20.6%32.8% Producers29.4%45.9% Cinematographers9.5%19.9% Editors22%35.8% Note: Study funded by Sundance Institute, Women In Film, Los Angeles, and the Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism.

12. annenberg.usc.edu Barriers for Narrative Female Directors & Producers Impediments% of Responses Gendered Financial Barriers 43.1% Male Dominated Networks 39.2% Stereotyping on Set 15.7% Work/Family Balance 19.6% Exclusionary Hiring Decisions 13.7% Note: The percentages reflect the proportion of participants within reason giving a particular barrier. Thus, the response column does not total 100%. Study funded by Sundance Institute, Women In Film, Los Angeles, and the Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism.