1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Physical Development and Health in Adolescence Lecture Week 12

2. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Guideposts for Study 1. What is adolescence, and when does it begin and end? 1. What is adolescence, and when does it begin and end? 2.What opportunities and risks does adolescence entail? 2.What opportunities and risks does adolescence entail? 3.What physical changes do adolescents experience, and how do these changes affect them psychologically? 3.What physical changes do adolescents experience, and how do these changes affect them psychologically? 4. What are some common health problems in adolescence, and how can they be prevented? 4. What are some common health problems in adolescence, and how can they be prevented?

3. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Markers of Adolescence _______________________ may include religious blessings, separation from the family, severe tests of strength and endurance, marking the body in some way, or acts of magic _______________________ may include religious blessings, separation from the family, severe tests of strength and endurance, marking the body in some way, or acts of magic Industrialized societies have no shared initiation rites so they use clothing, hairstyles, tattoos, body piercing etc. Industrialized societies have no shared initiation rites so they use clothing, hairstyles, tattoos, body piercing etc. Begins with _____________, the process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce Begins with _____________, the process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce

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5. Opportunities and Risks of Adolescence Opportunities for growth: Opportunities for growth: physical dimensions physical dimensions cognitive and social _____________ cognitive and social _____________ autonomy autonomy self-esteem self-esteem ___________________ ___________________ Hazards to physical and mental well-being: Hazards to physical and mental well-being: early pregnancy and childbearing early pregnancy and childbearing high ___________ rates from accidents, homicide, and _________________ high ___________ rates from accidents, homicide, and _________________

6. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Puberty: The End of Childhood Sharp increase in production of sex hormones Sharp increase in production of sex hormones _________________ – growth of pubic, armpit, facial hair _________________ – growth of pubic, armpit, facial hair _____________________ – growth of male genitals, muscle mass _____________________ – growth of male genitals, muscle mass ____________________ – growth of female genitals and breasts ____________________ – growth of female genitals and breasts

7. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Timing, Sequence, and Signs of Maturation ____________-year range for the onset of puberty in both boys and girls ____________-year range for the onset of puberty in both boys and girls Process typically takes about ________ years for both sexes Process typically takes about ________ years for both sexes Begins about _______ or _______ years earlier in girls than in boys Begins about _______ or _______ years earlier in girls than in boys

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9. Timing, Sequence, Signs of Maturation Females - breasts, pubic hair, __________, underarm hair Females - breasts, pubic hair, __________, underarm hair Males - testes, pubic hair, body growth, penis, production of semen, change in voice Males - testes, pubic hair, body growth, penis, production of semen, change in voice Adolescent _________________________ Adolescent _________________________ –a rapid increase in height and weight, which generally begins in girls around 9.5 to 14.5 and boys around 10.5 and 16

10. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics ____________ Sex Characteristics ____________ Sex Characteristics –The organs necessary for _____________ (ovaries, Fallopian tube, uterus, testes, penis, scrotum, semen) _______________ Sex Characteristics _______________ Sex Characteristics –__________________ signs of sexual maturation (breasts, body hair, voice change)

11. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Sperm Production and Menstruation _____________________ _____________________ –Boy’s first ejaculation (average 13 yrs.) –Often the result of a nocturnal emission (involuntary ejaculation of semen) ______________________ ______________________ –Girl’s first menstruation (average shortly before 13 th b-day, varies from 10-16.5) –“Are you there God it’s me Margaret”

12. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Psychological Effects of Early and Late Maturation Most boys __________ to mature early, but an early maturer sometimes has trouble living up to expectations that he should act as mature as he looks Most boys __________ to mature early, but an early maturer sometimes has trouble living up to expectations that he should act as mature as he looks Girls tend _______ to like maturing early; they are generally ______________ if their timing is about the same as that of their peers Girls tend _______ to like maturing early; they are generally ______________ if their timing is about the same as that of their peers

13. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Physical Activity Improves __________ and endurance Improves __________ and endurance Helps build healthy bones and muscles Helps build healthy bones and muscles Helps control _________________ Helps control _________________ Reduces anxiety and stress Reduces anxiety and stress Increases ______________________ Increases ______________________

14. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Nutrition and Eating Disorders ________of obese adolescents become obese adults ________of obese adolescents become obese adults Being overweight in adolescence can lead to life-threatening _______ conditions in adulthood (even when weight is lost) Being overweight in adolescence can lead to life-threatening _______ conditions in adulthood (even when weight is lost)

15. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Body Image _________ normal increase in body fat at puberty leads to more dissatisfaction with their bodies _________ normal increase in body fat at puberty leads to more dissatisfaction with their bodies _______ are becoming more muscular and therefore more satisfied with their bodies _______ are becoming more muscular and therefore more satisfied with their bodies By age ___, more than half the girls sampled in 16 countries were dieting or thought they should be By age ___, more than half the girls sampled in 16 countries were dieting or thought they should be

16. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Eating Disorders ________________________ ________________________ –Eating disorder characterized by self- starvation and an unrealistic body image ________________________ ________________________ –Eating disorder in which a person regularly eats huge quantities of food and then purges the body using laxatives, induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise –___ or ____times as common as anorexia

17. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display The Fine Print Because of the tremendous pressure to be thin, many models end up suffering from bulimia or anorexia. And such debilitating symptoms such as constipation, ulcers, hair loss, tooth decay, and seizures. Next time you go on a diet, ask yourself, who are you modelling yourself after? The Fine Print Because of the tremendous pressure to be thin, many models end up suffering from bulimia or anorexia. And such debilitating symptoms such as constipation, ulcers, hair loss, tooth decay, and seizures. Next time you go on a diet, ask yourself, who are you modelling yourself after?

18. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Use and Abuse of Drugs Turn to drugs out of curiosity, desire for sensation, peer pressure, escape from overwhelming problems Turn to drugs out of curiosity, desire for sensation, peer pressure, escape from overwhelming problems Substance abuse: Repeated, harmful use of a substance, usually alcohol or other drugs Substance abuse: Repeated, harmful use of a substance, usually alcohol or other drugs Substance dependence: Addiction (physical or psychological, or both) to a harmful substance Substance dependence: Addiction (physical or psychological, or both) to a harmful substance

19. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Sexually Transmitted Diseases _________ in three cases of STDs occurs among adolescents _________ in three cases of STDs occurs among adolescents Main reason for the spread among adolscence are early sexual activity, multiple high-risk partners, failure to use __________ or use them regularly Main reason for the spread among adolscence are early sexual activity, multiple high-risk partners, failure to use __________ or use them regularly

20. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display STD’S con’t … Young women show higher prevelance of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and ________ than young males Young women show higher prevelance of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and ________ than young males ______________ is the most common SDT ______________ is the most common SDT Human papilloma virus (HPV – genital warts) is also very common Human papilloma virus (HPV – genital warts) is also very common Symptoms may not appear until disease is causing serious long-term complications, so early detection is important Symptoms may not appear until disease is causing serious long-term complications, so early detection is important

21. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Depression Depression –As many as _____ percent of children and _____ percent of adolescents have major depression at a given time –Adolescent _______ are especially subject to depression Suicide Suicide –Suicide rates for _______ has increased, females attempted suicide more often than males, ____ youth more likely than those in school –Gay & lesbian youth have __________ rates of depression, suicide, and attempted suicide

22. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Death in Adolescence Frequency of car crashes, handgun deaths, suicide in this age group reflects a violent culture, as well as adolescents’ ________________ and ____________ which often lead to risk taking and carelessness Frequency of car crashes, handgun deaths, suicide in this age group reflects a violent culture, as well as adolescents’ ________________ and ____________ which often lead to risk taking and carelessness ______________________ are the leading cause of death among U.S. teenagers ______________________ are the leading cause of death among U.S. teenagers Ready availability of guns in the home is a major factor in teenage suicide Ready availability of guns in the home is a major factor in teenage suicide

23. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Protective Factors Adolescents who are getting emotional support at home and are doing well in school have the __________ chance of avoiding the health hazards of adolescence Adolescents who are getting emotional support at home and are doing well in school have the __________ chance of avoiding the health hazards of adolescence Parents’ spending _____ and being _______ Parents’ spending _____ and being _______ Adolescent’s sense that parents and teachers are warm and _________, and have high expectations for achievement Adolescent’s sense that parents and teachers are warm and _________, and have high expectations for achievement

24. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Despite the perils of adolescence, most emerge with a mature, healthy body and zest for life Despite the perils of adolescence, most emerge with a mature, healthy body and zest for life