2. CONCEPTS OF HUMANISM social philosophy and intellectual and literary currents of the period from 1400 to 1650. The return to favor of classics brought about the philosophy of secularism, appreciation of worldly pleasures, and encouraged personal independence and individual expression. Breaking away from religious control over ALL aspects of life (literature, education, art, thought…) Wanted to revive ideals taught in classical civilizations (greece and Rome) Focus instead on Human qualities and worldly pleasures ( beginning of materialism)

3. EMERGENCE (14 TH CENTURY)  Father of Humanism: Petrarch (1304-1374) His works were the 1 st to convey the Middle ages as a period of darkness. Worked to convince people to value a life influenced by the classic works of Ancient Greece and Rome  People now encouraged to value human affairs, issues and principles opposed to ones governed and taught by the church.  Change in educational focus: grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry and moral philosophy.

4. DEVELOPMENT (15 TH CENTURY)  During the second generation of Humanism, Petrarch’s students and followers chose to follow a more relaxed view of intellectual study= Civic Humanism  The new ideas of Civic Humanism incorporated family and action in the community.  Leonardo Bruni (1370-1444): The New Cicero  By the late 15 th century most of the high classes had reformed to use of humanist teachings in education.

5. EFFECT ON HISTORICAL VIEWS AND CLASSIFICATION  It altered the way History was thought of and recorded.  Introduced classification of eras because of their thoughts on the separation between the ancient and Middle ages.  Historical writings have less influence on miracles and magic.  Use of Vernacular (instead of Latin)

6. EFFECT IN ART Middle Ages Renaissance

7. IMPLICATIONS AND IMPACT FROM HUMANISM 1 st step towards a rational, realistic view on the world that eventually came with modernism and the practice and trust in sciences