1. SI units and Sig. Figs.
measurement

2. SI (système internationale)
Physical Quantity
Unit
Symbol
Volume
Cubic Metre
(litre) m3
Length
Metre m
Mass
Kilogram kg
Time
Second s
Temperature
Kelvin K
Amount of substance
Mole
mol
Electric current
Ampere A
Luminous intensity
Candela cd

3. Scientific Notation
Scientists have developed a shorter method to express very large numbers.
Scientific Notation is based on powers of the base number 10.

4. Scientific notation 123,000,000,000 in s.n. is 1.23 x 1011
The first number 1.23 is called the coefficient. It must be between
The second number is called the base . The base number 10 is always written in exponent form. In the number 1.23 x 1011 the number 11 is referred to as the exponent or power of ten.
This large number only has 3 significant digits

5. To write a large number in scientific notation: ex: 36 000
First put the decimal after the first digit and drop the zeroes. Ex: 3.6
Next, count the number of places from the decimal to the end of the number. Ex: 4
Finally, put it together. Ex: 3.6 x 104
only has two significant digits

6. To write a small number in s.n. ex: 0.03064
First move the decimal after the first real number and drop the zeroes. Ex: 3.064
Next, count the number of places moved from the original decimal spot to the new decimal spot. Ex: 2
Numbers less than 1 will have a negative exponent. Ex: -2
Finally, put it together. Ex: x 10-2
has four significant digits

7. Precision: to describe how well a group of measurements made of the same object or event under the same conditions actually do agree with one another.
These points are precise with one another but not accurate.

8. Accuracy: represents the closeness of a measurement to the true value.
Ex: the bulls-eye would be the true value, so these points are accurate.

9. Why Significant Figures?
When we take measurements or make calculations, we do so with a certain precision. This precision is determined by the instrument we use to take those measurements. So, when we do calculations based on our measurements, the calculations must be only as precise as the measurements.

10. Using sig figs: The Rules!
487
All significant
Digits from 1-9 are always significant.
Zeros between two other significant digits are always significant
One or more additional zeros to the right of both the decimal place and another significant digit are significant.
Zeros used solely for spacing the decimal point (placeholders) are not significant.
2002
All significant
6.00
All significant
47 000
Only two significant digits

11. EXAMPLES
# OF SIG. DIG.
COMMENT
453kg 3
All non-zero digits are always significant.
5057L 4
Zeros between 2 sig. dig. are significant.
5.00
Additional zeros to the right of decimal and a sig. dig. are significant.
0.007 1
Placeholders are not sig.

12. Problems: Indicate the number of significant figures...
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13. Multiplying and Dividing
RULE: your answer may only show as many sig figs as the multiplied or divided measurement showing the least number of significant digits.
Example: cm x 3.10 cm = 69.3 only 3 sig figs allowed.

14. Multiplying and Dividing Practice
x ______
x 0.23 ______
÷ ______
÷ 4.1 ______
x ______
x ______
÷ ______
x 23 ______
÷ ______
x 12 ÷ 12.5 ______

15. Adding and Subtracting:
RULE: your answer can only show as many decimal places as the measurement having the fewest number of decimal places.
Example:
3.76 g g g = 20.7 g

16. Adding and Subtracting Practice
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