1. Slides for GGR 314, Global Warming Chapter 3: The Carbon Cycle Course taught by Danny Harvey Department of Geography University of Toronto

2. Exhibit 3-1: The pre-industrial carbon cycle

3. Exhibit 3-2: Collapsing vegetation and exposure of previously frozen C-rich soils as permafrost warms
Source:

4. Exhibit 3-3: A carbon rich soil above permafrost (left) and ice wedges in permafrost (left)
Source:

5. Exhibit 3-4: Diatoms, depicted below, have SiO2 (siliceous, made of silica) skeletons
Source: Wikipedia, Open Source photo in article on plankton

6. Exhibit 3-5: Coccoliths (left) and foraminifera (right) have calcium carbonate (calcareous) skeletons
Width of image: 5.5 mm
Source: Left, Wikipedia, Richard Lampitt and Jeremy Young in article on “Coccolithophore”
Right, Wikipedia article on “Foraminifera”, author Psammophile

7. Exhibit 3-6: Geographical variation in net primary productivity of the world’s oceans
Source: Schlesinger (1991)

8. Exhibit 3-7: Variation of potential pCO2 in the low-latitude ocean
Source: Broecker and Peng

9. Exhibit 3-8: Impulse responses – the variation in the amount of a GHG remaining in the atmosphere after a “pulse” (sudden) emission at time t=0.
Source: Harvey (2000, Global Warming: The Hard Science, Prentice Hall)

10. Exhibit 3-9: Simulated variation in the terrestrial biosphere sink using the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model driven either by observed temperature and precipitation variations (CRU Climatology) or with output from two climate models
Source: Fischlin et al (2007, IPCC AR4, WGII)

11. Exhibit 3-10: CO2 emissions and CO2 sinks for a scenario where trend of increasing emissions turns around between
Source: Harvey (1989, Climatic Change, Vol. 15, )

12. Exhibit 3-11: Methane escaping from thawing yedoma (loess) soils in Siberia

13. Methane bubbling from lakes
Exhibit 3-12: Sonar image of methane bubbles rising from the sea floor along a 2.5 km segment in 250-m deep water west of Svalbard (Arctic Ocean)
Methane bubbling from lakes
Source: Kerr (2010, Science, Vol. 329, )
Video, methane from frozen lakes, ignited
Methane bubbling from lakes

14. Exhibit 3.13a: CO2 stabilization scenarios

15. Exhibit 3-13b: Range of CO2 emissions permitted for the various stabilization scenarios