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Published byCelina Cotterell Modified over 10 years ago
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Enthalpy Changes in Chemical Reactions
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Enthalpy Enthalpy (H) The “heat content” of a substance It is the total KE and PE of a substance at constant pressure KE + PE = constant (enthalpy)
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Kinetic & Potential Energy KE: it is the energy of MOTION… ex; atoms and electrons moving within the molecules, or in the entire system (reaction) PE: energy existing due to position and the sum of all attractions/repulsions between particles. PE is directly related to BOND energies.
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Bond energy Bond energy is the amount of energy required to break/form a bond between two atoms. Ex:
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Enthalpy changes Chemists interested in enthalpy changes ( H ) H = H products- H reactants
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Enthalpy Vs Rxn Proceeding
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Exothermic Reactions H 2 + S ---> H 2 S H = - 20 KJ negative H means exothermic H 2 + S ---> H 2 S +
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Endothermic Reactions CH 3 OH C(s) + 2H 2 (g) + ½ O 2 (g) H = + 201 KJ positive H means endothermic CH 3 OH + C(s) + 2H 2 (g) + ½ O 2 (g)
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Provincial Exam Questions
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Kinetic Energy Distributions In general, molecules at R.T and pressure undergo about 10^10 collisions/second! Yet, there are only so many successful collisions…
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KE Vs Number of Molecules
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KE Distributions Increased Temperature = increased number of molecules that have enough energy to react/cross the activation energy barrier successfully. Yes, collisions would also increase, but only 1% more collisions for every 10C increase in Temp.
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Activation Energy The minimum potential energy needed in a collision before a reaction can take place. It can also be defined as the minimum energy colliding particles must have in order to have a “successful” collision.
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Activation Energy Graph
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Homework for tomorrow! Try solving the questions on those pages p.12 p.16 p.19 and p.20
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