1. THE NEXT (THIRD) LECTURE (possibly two lectures) ASSUMES AUDIENCE HAS NOW READ: -Durkheims Normal and Pathological from Rules of the Sociological Method -Kai Eriksons Wayward Puritans, Chapter 1/Introduction -Michel Foucaults Discipline and Punish, Chapter 1 -Best to warn audience ahead of time that this material is graphic and may be skipped over if necessary -Any of a number of Max Webers definitions of basic characteristics of bureaucracy (only brief excerpts are necessary)

2. Lecture 3 (~25 slides; possibly two lectures) Punishment: From public torture to public bureaucracy

3. TODAY: Social Control Foucaults old style of punishment bodily pain to dramatize gravity of offense; public ritual; sacrifice in the name of values Erikson & Durkheims definition of crime what the community defines as illegal, punishes Durkheim (why is crime necessary? functional?), Erikson (Salem witch trials), & Weber (bureaucracy)

4. Review Returning to Durkheim: Why is crime inevitable? In a moment: Why is it functional? But first: The story of poor Damiens

5. Foucault. Discipline and Punish History of social control styles in punishment – From public torture rituals to public bureaucracy Social control

6. Foucault. Discipline and Punish History of social control styles in punishment – From public torture rituals to public bureaucracy Social control – Doing something to control, stigmatize, punish people & behavior – Formal vs. informal – Formalcriminal & other kinds

7. Old style of social control (Foucault) Story of Damiensregicide, parricide Qualities of punishment

8. Old style of social control (Foucault) Story of Damiensregicide, parricide Qualities of punishment – Public – Painful, bodily attack – Destroying the body – Symbolic festival of punishment – QuestionWhy do these things?

9. Old style of social control (Foucault) Why do these things? Symbolic meaning?

10. Old style of social control (Foucault) Why do these things? Symbolic meaning? Sacrifice, seriousness of offense Whats different now

11. Old style of social control (Foucault) Why do these things? Symbolic meaning? Sacrifice, seriousness of offense Whats different now – Bureaucratic rules, procedures – Focus on soul/self not body Has this kind of symbolism, control disappeared completely? Pain, sacrifice, bodily harm?

12. Definitions of crime Step back from history and punishment – what makes something a crime? Some of the usual ideas

13. Definitions of crime Some of the usual ideas – Things that are harmful to the community – violate other peoples rights – simply bad

14. Definitions of crime Some of the usual ideas – Things that are harmful to the community – violate other peoples rights – simply bad Why are these inadequate?

15. Definitions of crime Durkheim. What makes a crime – not the intrinsic quality of a given act but that definition which the collective conscience lends them. Erikson. Definition of deviance – Whatever people consider so dangerous or irritating that they bring special sanctions… Deviance is not a property inherent in any particular kind of behavior; it is a property conferred upon that behavior…

16. Definitions of crime In other words – Acts which are defined as illegal

17. Definitions of crime In other words – Acts which are defined as illegal Advantages of this definition – Fits all acts in the category – Directs attention to definitions, those who define – Explains variations over time & place

18. Definitions of crime In other words – Acts which are defined as illegal Advantages of this definition – Fits all acts in the category – Directs attention to definitions, those who define – Explains variations over time & place examples? (Most stringentacts resulting in conviction)

19. Why functional? 1. Progress requires difference, originality – Example of Socrates

20. Why necessary, functional? 2. Eriksons quote of Durkheim Crime brings together upright consciences and concentrates them… In other words

21. Why necessary, functional? 2. Eriksons quote of Durkheim Crime brings together upright consciences and concentrates them… Reaction as ritual defines morality, builds community & solidarity Compare to Foucault:

22. Using Durkheims logic, can you really win the war on crime? war on drugs? war on poverty?

23. Using Durkheims logic, can you really win the war on crime? war on drugs? war on poverty? Regardless of value, where are the symbolic dimensions?

24. Kai Erikson. Wayward Puritans Communities need deviance – To define – positive values, us vs. them, inside/outside, – symbolic boundaries of the community So, how does a society/community choose?

25. How to choose? What threatens/reflects positive values People who are already marginal, outsiders Ignoring some acts – Not based on harm or utilitarian reasons

26. How to choose? What threatens/reflects positive values People who are already marginal, outsiders Ignoring some acts – Not based on harm or utilitarian reasons Examples in Salem witch trials – How did they choose? – Note the bureaucratic qualities – Why now (for Wed)?

27. END LECTURE THREE NEXT TIME: New Style Social Control (in Foucaults words) Max Weber, bureaucracy Benthams Panopticon, new style punishment Optional, but useful: Reinarmans Social construction of drug scares, an application of Eriksons theory crime waves & boundary crises Think about applying each theme to current events: 1.What is the symbolic meaning for the community? 2.What is the extent of formal rationality?