1. How do you stay true to yourself?
Elements of Literature Notes

2. 4 Main Elements of a Story
Character
Plot/Conflict
Setting
Theme

4. Characterization Pre-Reading
What makes a character memorable?
List some favorite characters.
What qualities made them memorable?

5. Antagonist: the characters that opposes the main character
Character: a person, animal or imaginary creature that appears in a literary work
Protagonist:
the main character
Antagonist: the characters that opposes the main character

6. Character… Minor Character:
moves the action along by interacting with the main character and providing background information

7. Who is telling the story?
Narrator
-the person who tells the story (may or may NOT be a character in the story)
Point-of-View
-the vantage point from which a story is told

8. Methods of Characterization
(How the author helps you to get to know the characters!)

9. Statement by the Author
What the author wants you to think about the character
Tells the reader directly what the character is like

10. Character’s Appearance
Describing what the character looks like

11. Character’s Actions What the character does throughout the story
Shows his/her personality

12. Reactions of and to the Character
How other characters react to the character being analyzed
How the character reacts to situations or characters

13. Character’s Thoughts
What goes through the character’s mind throughout the story (thoughts, ideas & feelings)

14. Conversations
Things that the character says (that reveal his/her personality)
Things that others say about the character

15. Reactions to the Setting
The character’s reaction, feelings or thoughts about his/her surroundings

16. Characterization Direct Characterization
-telling the reader about what the character is feeling (brave, honest, etc.)
Indirect Characterization
-showing the character’s thoughts and ideas and letting you (the reader) decide what kind of person he/she is

17. “Soul of Caliban” Pre-Reading
Do animals have souls? Discuss examples to support your answer.

18. “Soul of Caliban” Reader Response
Write a letter to Leon (Caliban’s owner) with your reaction to the final events of the story. Explain your thoughts and feelings regarding what happened.

19. BQ Discussion
Think about a time when you wanted to do what you knew was right, but your friends did not see it your way. Did you go with your gut instinct, or did you give in to peer pressure?

20. BQ Discussion
How can you stay true to yourself in a difficult situation? It is often hard to make the right choices when the thing you want to do conflicts with your beliefs and values. When your friends say one thing and your heart or conscience says another, what is the right thing to do? Only by being true to yourself can you answer that question.
The selections in this unit present characters and real people who have to stay true to themselves in order to make it through challenging situations. This happens all the time in real life. To make healthy decisions, people must believe in themselves and act on their values.

21. BQ: Discussion
Did Caliban
“stay true to himself”?

22. Elements of Literature:
Short Fiction

23. Plot: the series of events showing how a conflict or a problem is resolved (5 parts)
Exposition
Rising Action
Climax
Falling Action
Resolution

24. Exposition
Introduces the story’s setting and characters and sets up the conflict or problem

25. Rising Action
Develops the story’s conflict and builds suspense

26. Climax
The point of greatest emotion and interest

27. Falling Action
Shows what happens to the character after the climax

28. Resolution
Reveals the final outcome of the conflict (“The End!”)

29. Setting The time and place in which story events occur
Can impact/influence events of story
Example- In “The Soul of Caliban” the weather elements (i.e. blizzard) and location of the sheep farm (far from neighbors) impacted the actions and outcomes of events in the story.

30. Theme: The main message of the story, the lesson or moral
(What was the theme of “The Soul of Caliban”?)

31. “Raymond’s Run” Pre-reading Pick 1 or 2:
How does it feel to win something? What do you think it takes to be a winner? OR
Write about an incident in your life in which a 1st impression turned out to be wrong or someone you thought you knew well did something to surprise you.
What are your hidden qualities and talents? List some things that you’re good at or enjoy doing. Describe one that I or your classmates would not know about.

32. “Raymond’s Run” Reader Response
Would you have called this story, “Raymond’s Run”? Defend the author’s choice or invent a new title and explain why you think it’s better.

33. Selection Quick Check: Raymond’s Run
1. What two nicknames does the narrator go by?
2. The narrator says nobody can beat her in a race, yet she tells the reader that one person can. Who can beat her in a race that she doesn’t want people to know about?
3. How can the reader tell that Squeaky is serious about running?
4. How does Squeaky feel about the May Day celebration?
5. What do Squeaky’s thoughts about Raymond’s run say about her personality?

34. Conflict- a problem or struggle that characters faces
2 Main Types of Conflict
External
Internal

35. Person vs. Society/Group
External Conflict -a character struggles with an outside force (4 types)
Person vs. Person
Person vs. Nature
Person vs. Society/Group
Group vs. Group

36. Person vs. Person One person is in conflict with another person
Example: Squeaky vs. Gretchen

37. Person vs. Nature Person is in conflict with a force of nature
Raymond’s “big head” (disability)
a tornado or hurricane (something you have no control over)

38. Person vs. Society/Group
One person is in conflict with two or more people, a group or society
Squeaky vs. Gretchen, Rosie and Mary Louise

39. Group vs. Group
Entire group is in conflict with another group or culture
Raymond & Squeaky vs. Gretchen & friends
Socs vs. Greasers
Two countries at war

40. Internal (within) Conflict
Takes place within a character’s mind
Person vs. Self: a person struggles to overcome some internal problem, such as fear or shyness
Squeaky learns to appreciate and respect her opponents and not be so defensive.
Caliban must overcome his jealousy of the Leon’s baby.

41. A little more about character…
Dynamic Character-
usually has many sides to his or her personality
The character grows and changes as the story progresses (Squeaky, Caliban)
Static Character-
Usually has one main characteristic
He or she stays the same throughout the story (Raymond, Leon Suprenon)

42. “Abuela Invents the Zero” Pre-reading
Quickwrite: Think about a relationship you have with an older person, such as a grandparent, another relative or neighbor. What is the best part of your relationship? What are the challenging parts?
What do you think of when you hear the word/number zero?

43. Selection Quick Check: Abuela Invents the Zero
1. How does Constancia feel about Abuela when she arrives in the United States?
2. Why does Abuela refer to New Jersey as “the North Pole”?
3. What compromise does Constancia make with her father?
4. How does Constancia make Abuela feel “like a zero” in the church?
5. What lesson does Abuela teach Constancia at the end of the story?

44. “The Medicine Bag” Pre-reading
Think about a tradition that has been passed down through your family. Is it something you enjoy or does it just seem like something you have to do? Do you think this family tradition is worth keeping? Why or why not?

45. “The Medicine Bag” Quickcheck
Where does Martin’s family go every summer?
What does Martin tell his friends about his Grandpa?
What happens immediately after Grandpa arrives?
Why does Grandpa say he came to visit?
What is in the medicine bag?