1. Julie Ayling Transnational Environmental Crime Project Regulatory Institutions Network

2. Adaptive and resilient criminal networks Emerging markets and new types of crime Smarter regulation Dealing with demand Policing, prosecution and penalties Regulatory pluralism

3. Adaptive and resilient criminal networks

6. South Africa 2007-2014 Department of Environmental Affairs (2014 rhino poaching statistics as at 26 February) Rhino poaching

7. Emerging markets and new types of crime

8. Projections of the global middle class by region Source: Kharas, H and Gertz G, 2010, 'The New Global Middle Class: A Cross-Over from West to East' in C Li (ed), China's Emerging Middle Class: Beyond Economic Transformation, Washington, DC, Brookings Institution Press.

9. http://www.globalsherpa.org/bric-countries-brics

10. Smarter regulation

11. Dealing with demand

13. Policing, prosecution and penalties Tapping into the knowledge about organised crime in other contexts and how it is dealt with in other jurisdictions Penalties Harmonization Equity fines for corporate offenders Private enforcement regimes Standing Qui tam

14. Regulatory pluralism

15. Mechanisms ( After Brewer 2012) Most coercive Conscription e.g. requirements that hunting safari companies ensure clients have all necessary permits Required private interface e.g. requirements that hunting trophies be treated by a taxidermist before export Required record keeping and disclosure e.g. private rhino horn stockpiles registers; records of online wildlife sales Co-optation of external interests e.g. registered conservancies Conferring entitlements e.g. empowering private parties to take enforcement actions on behalf of the state (e.g. against pollluters) Incentives e.g. rewards for providing information to authorities or protecting wildlife Education/ capacity building [facilitation] e.g. providing civil air space for private patrol drones; funding NGO campaigns; tax policies that assist community groups; creating/allowing regulated markets Least coercive