2. 1 THE HASI several self-report questions 5 - 10 MINUTES TO ADMINISTER CONSISTS OF backwards spelling a “join the dots” puzzle a clock drawing sub-test

3. 2 Table 1 Gender and age of participants GenderUnder 18Over 18Total Male 133 23.5% 291 51.3% 423 74.8% Female 28 4.9% 115 20.3% 143 25.2% TOTAL 161 28.4% 406 71.6% 567 100.0%

4. 3 Prevalence of intellectual disability in the study population n SS<70 on KBIT or VABS n Total Sample: –17.4% below 70 on KBIT –27.8% on the VABS n In under-18 group: –16.2% below 70 on KBIT –28.0% on VABS n No significant difference between juvenile and adult offenders

5. 4 Table 2 Standard scores for indigenous and non-indigenous groups Test Indigenous Status NMean Standard Deviation KBIT Composite SS Not indigenous Indigenous 189 114 87.29* 81.31 16.74 15.80 Vineland Composite SS Not indigenous Indigenous 205 120 83.37** 76.88 21.27 18.18 * p<.002 **p<.005

6. 5 Sensitivity Specificity Figure 1Using the HASI to screen for intellectual disability - total sample Sensitivity Specificity Area under ROC curve.870 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 406080100

7. 6 Sensitivity Specificity 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 406080100 HASI VABS SS Figure 2Comparison of HASI and VABS in predicting KBIT results - total sample

8. 7 Sensitivity Specificity 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 406080 100 HASI KBIT TOT SS Figure 3Comparison of HASI and KBIT in predicting VABS

9. 8 Sensitivity Specificity 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 406080 100 HASI VABS SS Figure 4Comparison of HASI and VABS in predicting KBIT in indigenous sample

10. 9 Sensitivity Specificity 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 406080 100 HASI KBIT TOT SS Figure 5Comparison of HASI and KBIT in predicting VABS - indigenous group

11. 10 Correlations between the HASI, and KBIT and VABS n Correlations were significant (0.01 or 0.05) for - –Adult males –Adult females –Under 18s –Indigenous, including Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, Maori and Pacific Islander –Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) only - adults and juveniles n The only non-significant correlation was between HASI and VABS scores for juvenile ATSI

12. 11 Future directions n Further development to increase culture-fairness n Trial in hospital emergency rooms, assessing competence n Possible use by social security agencies n Possible use in adolescent mental health agencies –“The overwhelming over-representation in corrective services and juvenile justice is a powerful argument for the need for increased investment in early childhood intervention” –(NSW Parliamentary Standing Committee on Law and Justice, 1999)