1. Slide 1 Presented by: Charlie Walker Product Innovation Manager Innovations For Environmentally Sound Nutrient Management Green Urea

2. Slide 2 Reduction of: –run off of water soluble phosphorus –leaching, denitrification & volatilisation of nitrogen Are all achievable in a perfect world using existing products……. But are they logistically achievable? They are now………. Better Nutrient Management = Better Nutrient Efficiency = Higher Returns to Farmers

3. Slide 3 Biophos TM An alternate phosphorus product The problem: - losses from water soluble surface applied P - ineffective organic based P fertilisers The cause: - high solubility of conventional fertilisers increase losses in surface run off - organic P sources little or no plant available P The cure: Biophos TM - organic compost using native soil fungi to mimic conventional fertiliser process

4. Slide 4 Figure 1: Comparative effect of Superphosphate and Biophos on annual irrigated pasture dry matter production at Tatura 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Year 1Year 2Year 3 Year Dry matter production (t/ha) Control (no P) Biophos Superphosphate l.s.d = 1.493 l.s.d = 1.658 l.s.d = 0.348 Dry matter production of clover ryegrass pasture after three seasons at Tatura

5. Slide 5 The problem: - leaching losses of nitrate nitrogen - gaseous losses of nitrous oxide The cause: - rapid nitrification of ammonium based fertilisers into nitrate The cure: - suppression of Nitrosomonas spp in the soil - ammonium nutrition The new nitrogen technology

6. Slide 6 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 At sowingDC31 Timing Fert N recovery % 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 Relative wheat yield % Fert N recovery EntecFert N recovery No Entec Relative yield EntecRelative yield No Entec Interaction between treatment & N application timing at 3 sites in SE Australia 2004

7. Slide 7 Economic reduction in urea volatilisation The problem: - Significant losses of surface applied urea to atmosphere under certain conditions The cause: - Urease enzyme activity leading to volatilisation - Lag time between application and incorporation The cure: - Enzyme suppression to delay hydrolysis of urea - Extra time for incorporation of urea by rain, irrigation or cultivation. Green Urea

8. Slide 8 Volatilisation Experiments

9. Slide 9