1. SEMEN TEST BULL BREEDING SOUNDNESS EXAMINATION B.B.S.E.

2. 50 NORMAL, CYCLING, DISEASE FREE COWS 60% (In 3 weeks) and 90% (In 9 weeks) PREGNANT AT 42 DAYS FERTILE

3. COW BULL MULTIFACTORIAL

4. COW CYCLING Nutrition Days since calving Age of puberty DISEASE FREE Pestivirus Vibriosis Trichmoniasis Leptrospirosis ??????????? HEALTHY UTERINE TRACT Infection Scaring Cystic Ovary Freemartin

5. BULL SOUND SERVING ABILITY Mount Penile Erection and extension Intromission (seeking) Thrust DISEASE FREE Pestivirus Vibriosis Trichomoniasis ?????????? SPERMATOZOA Numbers Motility Morphology

6. COMPONENTS BULL BREEDING SOUNDNESS EXAMINATION 1. PHYSICAL EXAM 2. EXAMINATION OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT 3. SCROTAL CIRCUMFERANCE 4. SEMEN COLLECTION AND EXAMINATION 5. SERVING ABILITY / CAPACITY

7. GENERAL HEALTH WALKING ABILITY NORMAL FEET NORMAL LEG STRUCTURE PHYSICAL EXAM

8. PENIS & PREPUCE SCROTUM & TESTICLES SEMINAL VESICLES REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

9. PENIS AND PREPUCE

10. SCROTUM & TESTICLES

11. TESTICULAR VOLUME OR WEIGHT DAILY SPERM PRODUCTION (Cells / gm) BIGGER NOT NECESSARILY BETTER BUT THERE IS A MINIMUM – Bos Taurus - Minimum 34 cm @ 2 yrs (2:1 L:W) – Bos Indicus - Minimum 30 cm @ 2 yrs (2.4:1 L:W) SCROTAL CIRCUMFERENCE

13. ARTIFICIAL VIRGINA (AV) SEMEN COLLECTION ELECTRO-EJACULATION (EJ) MASSAGE

14. GROSS MOTILITY (x100) - Score 1 to 5 (Concentration, % Motile & Velocity) PROGRESSIVE MOTILITY (x200)0 – 30% Fail 30 – 60% Multi-Sire > 60% Pass MORPHOLOGY (x1000)0 - 50% Fail 50 - 70% Qualified Pass (QF) > 70% Pass SEMEN EXAMINATION

16. SEMEN SCORE & MORPHOLOGY

17. SERVING ABILITY SERVING CAPACITY

18. 1.KNOCKS OUT WORST BULLS 2.DOES NOT RANK BULLS 3.HIGH PROBABILITY OF BEING FERTILE - NOW 4.NOT A GUARANTEE, BUT A GOOD INDICATION OF POTENTIAL END RESULT

19. THANK YOU