1. Australian Correctional Performance: Balancing Efficiency & Effectiveness James M. Byrne, Ph.D. www.gcecs.edu.au

2. If you don’t define what performance is, then someone else will define it for you. Case in point: Lets look at the Performance Measures for Australian Corrections included in the recent review: Government Services 2013

3. Escapes Complete Community Orders Corrective Services Performance Indicator Framework

4. Equity as a Performance Measure Indicator of Access to Appropriate Correctional Programs/Services (not developed yet)

5. Correctional Services Effectiveness Measures Outputs Assaults in Custody Apparent Unnatural Deaths Time out of cells Employment Community work Education Offence related programs (undefined) Outcomes Escapes Completion of Community Orders

6. Modified Correctional Services Effectiveness Measures Outputs Time out of cells Employment Community work Education Offence related programs (undefined) Outcomes Assaults in Custody Apparent Unnatural Deaths Escapes Completion of Community Orders Recidivism: Prison Community Corrections

7. Efficiency as a Performance Measure Cost Per Prisoner/Offender Offender to Staff Ratio Prison Utilization

8. Escapes Complete Community Orders Revised Performance Indicator Framework

9. Key findings from this review Can Global performance be measured? 1.There is a relationship between efficiency and effectiveness; high efficiency = low overall effectiveness 2.Performance rankings for corrections systems can be developed 3.The challenge will be the development of accurate evidence-based performance measures 4.What gets measured, gets done.

10. Revised Overall Performance Ranking (includes Recidivism) EfficiencyOutputOutcome Overall Rank NSW5735 VIC72 1 QLD54 WA36 SA2643 TAS357 ACT63 NT4475

11. 2 Yr Post-Release Recidivism Prisoners return toOffenders returning to Prison Corrective Services Community Correction Corrective Services NSW 43% (7)47% (4)12% (2)22% (4) VIC 35% (2)45% (3)21% (2) QLD 43% (2) WA 50% (6)13% (3) SA 16% (5)24% (6) TAS 36% (4)24% (5) ACT 41% (6) NT 53% (7)28% (7)

12. Concluding comment The big question Can Global sentencing and corrections performance measures be developed?