1. Referencing Information Sources: Using the APA Style
Travel & Tourism
Referencing Information Sources:
Using the APA Style
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2. Outline of Presentation:
Frequently Asked Questions
3 Steps in Referencing
In-Text References: rules and examples
End-Text References: rules and examples (8)
3 Written Exercises
Introduction to the online guide on APA Referencing

3. FAQs

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What is Referencing?
Referencing is a method of acknowledging sources of information that you have used in your written work.
The APA (American Psychological Association) 6th edition is the method now used at Central Institute of Technology.
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Why do you reference?
To acknowledge the source of information and ideas of others.
To show the breadth of your research.
To allow the reader to be able to find and verify the information.
Study 2007
Study, 2007
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6. When do you have to reference?
If you:
quote (use someone else’s exact words)
paraphrase (convert someone else’s ideas into your own words)
summarise (use a brief account of someone else’s ideas)
copy (use statistics, figures, tables, images)
Rottnest Island, 2008
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7. When do you not need to give references?
References are not required for items of general knowledge or common knowledge.
Common knowledge includes facts that are well known within the community in which they are used.
An example: Rottnest Island is home to the quokka which is an Australian native animal.
Quokka, 2008
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8. What if you don’t reference?
Plagiarism is the term used when someone copies another person’s ideas or opinions as their own and doesn’t acknowledge the original source of the information.
Plagiarism, whether deliberate or accidental, is a form of cheating and is not acceptable.
Remember, if you plagiarise in your assignment you may fail 

9. Where can referencing information be found ?
Book
On the title page for the title, author and publisher
On the back of the title page for the place and year of publication
Journal/Magazine
On the cover
On the second page
Down the spine
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10. 3 Steps in Referencing

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Step 1
When taking notes for an essay topic, write down all the relevant bibliographic details of your information source. For a book:
author’s surname and initials
year of publication
title of book
edition
place of publication
publisher
Note taking, 2007
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12. © Central Institute of Technology 2014
Step 2
Insert a brief citation at the appropriate place within the text of your essay where this information is used.
Example of an In-Text Reference:
Baker (2004, p. 27) suggests…
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Step 3
At the end of your assignment add a Reference List containing your information sources with full citations.
Example of an End-Text Reference:
Baker, C. (2004). Western Australia: Short stay
guide. Sydney: Little Hills Press.
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14. In-Text References

15. General Rules for In-Text References
Include:
author’s surname
year of publication (latest edition)
page numbers (if appropriate)
Page numbers are not necessary when you summarise or paraphrase another person’s ideas or opinions Example: …(Jones, 2010) OR Jones (2010)… Page numbers are only necessary when you use precise information or a quotation Example: …(Douglas, 2009, p. 22) OR Douglas (2009, p.22)…
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16. End-Text References

17. General Rules for End-Text References
List references in alphabetical order by author or sponsor
Where there is no author or sponsor use the title
Use italics or underlining to indicate titles
Separate each element of the citation with a full stop
Second and subsequent lines of a citation should be indented 5 spaces
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18. Referencing Exercises

19. Book author’s surname and initials year of publication
title of book (underline or use italics)
edition (if not the first)
place of publication
publisher

20. Book with Single Author
Baker, C. (2004). Western Australia:
Short stay guide. Sydney:
Little Hills Press.
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21. Book with Multiple Authors
Ashworth, S., Turner, R., & Egger, S. (2004) Western Australia. Footscray, Victoria:
Lonely Planet Publications.
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22. Printed Journal/Magazine Article
author’s surname and initials
year of publication
title of article
name of journal/magazine (underline or use italics)
volume number
issue number or date
page number(s)

23. Printed Journal/Magazine Article
Adam, C. (2010). Island dreaming Travel Weekly, (130),
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24. Online Journal/Magazine Article
author’s surname and initials
year of publication
title of article
name of journal (underline or use italics)
volume number
issue number or date
page number(s)
Retrieved from URL of database

25. Online Journal/Magazine Article
New look for Lizard Island. (2011). Hotel & Accommodation Management,
15(2), 15. Retrieved from
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26. Web Page name of author or sponsor or organisation
year of creation (or update year)
title of web page (underline or use italics)
Retrieved from URL (web address)

27. Web Page Ecotourism Australia. (2011). Welcome to ecotourism
Copyright Ecotourism Australia © 2011
Web Page
Ecotourism Australia. (2011). Welcome to ecotourism
Australia. Retrieved from
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28. © Central Institute of Technology 2014
PDF from a Website
Research Tourism Western Australia. (2011). Quarterly visitor snapshot: Year ending June Retrieved from
Quarterly_Tourism_Snapshot_Year_Ending_March_2011.pdf
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Brochure
Rottnest Island Authority. (2010). I spy with my little island
guide: Summer 2010/2011. [Brochure]. Rottnest Island
Authority.
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An Image
In-Text Rottnest Island, 2008
End-Text
Rottnest Island [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from
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Book
author’s surname and initials
year of publication
title of book (underline or use italics)
edition (if not the first)
place of publication
publisher
(NOW DO EXERCISE 1)
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32. © Central Institute of Technology 2014
Exercise 1: Answer
White, T. (2012). Walking tours of Tasmania London: Collins Publishers.
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33. Printed Journal/Magazine Article
author’s surname and initials
year of publication
title of article
name of journal/magazine (underline or use italics)
volume number
issue number or date
page number(s)
(NOW DO EXERCISE 2)
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Exercise 2: Answer
Adams, T. (2013). Australia’s world heritage sites Australian Geographic, (90),
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Web Page
name of author or sponsor or organisation
year of creation (or update year)
title of web page (underline or use italics)
Retrieved from URL (web address)
(NOW DO EXERCISE 3)
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Exercise 3: Answer
Tourism Australia. (2013). The cruise industry.
Retrieved from
markets/the-cruise-industry.aspx
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Remember!
If you require further assistance with referencing:
Ask at the Library Service Desk
Check out the online guide on APA Referencing at:
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38. Library Website: www.central.wa.edu.au/library
Links to APA Referencing Guides
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Reference List for Images
Note taking. (2007). ClipArt used with permission from Microsoft.
Quokka [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from
Rottnest Island [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from
Study [Image]. (2007). ClipArt used with permission from Microsoft.
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