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Bellwork
Open your notebook to the bellwork section,
What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the following terms:
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Biology
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CHAMPS
C-Conversation- NO
H-Help- Raise your hand
A- Activity- We are taking notes
M- No movement
P- sit quietly, eyes on paper, teacher or board. Writing
S- signal
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Study of Biology
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What is Biology?
Biology is the study of all living things.
Bio-life
Logy-study of
Living things are called organisms
Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals
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5. All Organisms are made of Cells
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6. Basic Structure of a Cell
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Cell Size and Types
Cells, the basic units of organisms, can only be observed under microscope
Three Basic types of cells include:
Bacterial Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
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8. Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote
Prokaryote (Unicellular) – composed of one cell ex. bacteria
Eukaryote (Multi cellular)- composed of many cells ex. Animal cell and plant cell
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9. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
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Organelles
Very small (Microscopic)
Perform various functions for a cell
Found in the cytoplasm
May or may not be membrane-bound
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11. Animal Cell Organelles
Ribosome (attached)
Nucleolus
Ribosome (free)
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Nuclear envelope
Mitochondrion
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
Golgi apparatus
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12. Cell or Plasma Membrane (Honors)
Surrounds outside of ALL cells
Controls what enters or leaves the cell
Outside
of cell
Inside
(cytoplasm)
Cell
membrane
Proteins
Protein
channel
Lipid bilayer
Carbohydrate
chains
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Cytoplasm of a Cell
cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane
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14. The Control Organelle - Nucleus
Controls the normal activities of the cell
Contains the DNA in chromosomes
Bounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores
Usually the largest organelle
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Nuclear Envelope
Double membrane surrounding nucleus
Also called nuclear membrane
Nuclear pores
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16. The genetic material (DNA) is found
Inside the Nucleus -
The genetic material (DNA) is found
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What Does DNA do?
DNA is the hereditary material of the cell
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Nucleolus
Inside nucleus
Directs the nucleus.
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19. Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria)
“Powerhouse” of the cell
Generate cellular energy (ATP)
More active cells like muscle cells have MORE mitochondria
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Interesting Fact ---
Mitochondria Come from cytoplasm in the EGG cell during fertilization
Therefore …
You inherit your mitochondria from your mother!
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21. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
Has ribosomes on its surface
Makes membrane proteins and proteins for EXPORT out of cell
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22. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on its surface
Is attached to the ends of rough ER
Makes cell products that are USED INSIDE the cell
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23. Ribosomes are made of proteins
Can be attached to Rough ER OR
Be free (unattached) in the cytoplasm
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Golgi Bodies
Look like a stack of pancakes
Modify, sort, & package
molecules from ER
for storage OR transport out of cell
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Golgi Animation
Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES
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Lysosomes
Contain digestive enzymes
digest the food & get rid of wastes
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Lysosome Digestion
Cells take in food by phagocytosis
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28. Cilia & Flagella- Locomotion (movement)
Cilia are shorter and more numerous on cells
Flagella are longer and fewer
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Vacuoles
Fluid filled sacks for storage
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Cell Size
Question: Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?
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Cell Size
Question: Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?
About the same size, but …
The elephant has MANY MORE cells than a mouse!
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