1. Peru Randi Sullivan

2. Map

3. Flag Meaning of the flag: red recalls blood shed for independence white symbolizes peace

4. About Peru GDP (per capita)- $10 000 Main Exports- Fish, copper, zinc, gold, crude petroleum, lead, coffee, sugar, cotton Population- 29.4 million Life Expectancy- 72.73 years Capital City- Lima

5. President Ollanta Humala

6. Unemployment Rate

7. Peru’s History Before being colonized, Peruvian territory was part of the Inca domain Peru was colonized in the 16 th century by the Spaniards In 1780, 60 000 Native Americans revolted against the Spaniards Although initially thought to be successful, the revolt was suppressed in 1781

9. Independence The struggle for independence was led by: -Jose de San Martin of Argentina -Simon Bolivar of Venezuela San Martin proclaimed independence on July 28 th, 1821 Emancipation completed December 1824

10. The Struggle for Independence Spain’s rule over South America ended when Venezuelan Marshall Antonio Jose de Sucre defeated a Spanish army at Ayacucho Peru’s independence was recognized by Spain in 1879

11. Jose de San Martin Argentine General South American revolutionary, wanted independence from Spain Born in either 1777 or 1778 (unknown whether baptized)

12. Simon Bolivar Born in Venezuela, 1783 Military commander Led a series of South American revolutions Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela were led to freedom by him George Washington was one of his heroes growing up Inspired by American Revolution and French Revolution Bolivia was named after him

14. After the Revolution Territorial disputes took place Neighbors fighting for land, Bolivia, Peru, and Chile Clash between Peru and Ecuador 1941 Armed conflicts continued to occur in 1981 and 1995 Disputes were settled in 1998 Peru and Chile still dispute maritime boundary

15. Peru didn’t achieve relative political stability until the early 20 th century Periods of democratic development were broken up by military issues Government was run by a small group of Spanish descent (until 20 th century) Population of Peru suffered from political exclusion

16. Civil War 1980-2000 Rebels against government Multiple parties were fighting over control of interlapping territories Shining Path was a rebel group Terrorist attacks on innocent native civilians and military

17. Peruvian Army Arresting Teachers, October 1992 After a Shining Path ambush killed over 20 soldiers, the Peruvian army goes into a nearby village and arrests all teachers. Calling them “terror-teachers”

18. Independence Day Celebrations Starts July 27 th Folk and Creole music play in plazas and public parks July 28 th is greeted with 21 cannons, raising the flag Various parts of the country, agricultural and livestock festivals are held

20. Sources https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/pe.html https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/pe.html http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35762.htm http://www.perutravels.net/peru-travel-guide/art- festivals-independence-day.htm http://www.perutravels.net/peru-travel-guide/art- festivals-independence-day.htm http://www.cfr.org/terrorism/shining-path-tupac- amaru-peru-leftists/p9276 http://www.cfr.org/terrorism/shining-path-tupac- amaru-peru-leftists/p9276 http://www.cja.org/article.php?list=type&type=255