1. HW #38 Donald Sterrett 1/21/2007

2. Challenges faced by the New Italian Republic Cavour dies in 1861 and there are new divisions in the new Italy. Cavour dies in 1861 and there are new divisions in the new Italy. There is a north south division north is more urban and south more rural. There is a north south division north is more urban and south more rural. The constitutional monarchy had trouble with these issues. The constitutional monarchy had trouble with these issues. Also the Republicans were mad at the treatment of Garibaldi. Also the Republicans were mad at the treatment of Garibaldi. Finally many wanted to unify the rest of Italy. Finally many wanted to unify the rest of Italy.

3. German Unification German unification is so important because it creates a new powerful state that will become the most powerful in Europe. German unification is so important because it creates a new powerful state that will become the most powerful in Europe. German unification is led by Conservatives and they turn Germany into a Conservative state. German unification is led by Conservatives and they turn Germany into a Conservative state. Prussia becomes the dominant force in the new Germany. Prussia becomes the dominant force in the new Germany. Led by conservative, Bismarck, who felt that Germany needed a strong industrial base. Led by conservative, Bismarck, who felt that Germany needed a strong industrial base.

4. Bismarck’s contributions Bismarck’s ideas can be summed up by his speech that Germany’s future will be determined not by elections but iron and blood. Bismarck’s ideas can be summed up by his speech that Germany’s future will be determined not by elections but iron and blood. He is unique as he is not the ruler, but like Cavour he is the statesmen who really guides the country. He is unique as he is not the ruler, but like Cavour he is the statesmen who really guides the country. He planned to create a Germany separate from Austria. He planned to create a Germany separate from Austria. He was a shrewd leader and manipulated war with Austria after they worked together to defeat Denmark. He was a shrewd leader and manipulated war with Austria after they worked together to defeat Denmark.

5. Austrian War and the North German Confederation By defeating Austria Bismarck made them sign a treaty excluding them from German affairs making Prussia the major power in Germany. By defeating Austria Bismarck made them sign a treaty excluding them from German affairs making Prussia the major power in Germany. The North German Confederation: Prussia led the Northern German states in a federation that gave each state local control but made military support on the federation level. The North German Confederation: Prussia led the Northern German states in a federation that gave each state local control but made military support on the federation level. Bismarck maneuvers the conservatives over those who would like to make the Confederation more liberal. Bismarck maneuvers the conservatives over those who would like to make the Confederation more liberal.

6. Bismarck and Cavour

7. Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) Bismarck wanted to bring Southern German states into the Confederation. Bismarck wanted to bring Southern German states into the Confederation. To do this he needed a war with France. To do this he needed a war with France. He manages to create a war with France over Spanish Succession. He manages to create a war with France over Spanish Succession. Germany wins the war and defeats France. Germany wins the war and defeats France. It takes land (Alsace-Lorraine) from France and creates a unified Germany. It takes land (Alsace-Lorraine) from France and creates a unified Germany.

8. Results of the Franco-Prussian War It creates a new, conservative, unified Germany. It creates a new, conservative, unified Germany. Germany becomes the new power in continental Europe. Germany becomes the new power in continental Europe. Is a victory for Conservatives over liberalism. Is a victory for Conservatives over liberalism. It forces France and Austria to change. France becomes more Republican and Austria makes peace with the Magyar. It forces France and Austria to change. France becomes more Republican and Austria makes peace with the Magyar.

9. Napoleon III (r. 1852-1870) Napoleon III starts very conservative and ends up more liberal. Napoleon III starts very conservative and ends up more liberal. He promotes free trade, free debate, more freedom of the press, and a liberal constitution. He promotes free trade, free debate, more freedom of the press, and a liberal constitution. He is involved in unsuccessful wars including Mexico and the Franco-Prussian War. He is involved in unsuccessful wars including Mexico and the Franco-Prussian War. After the Second Empire comes another republic, The Third Republic. After the Second Empire comes another republic, The Third Republic.

10. Paris Commune and the Third Republic The Paris Commune is a government formed by the people of Paris. It is in opposition to the Conservative National Assembly. The Paris Commune is a government formed by the people of Paris. It is in opposition to the Conservative National Assembly. The National Assembly invades Paris and successfully defeats the Commune. The National Assembly invades Paris and successfully defeats the Commune. Because of divisions between two groups of Monarchists they end up creating the 3 rd Republic. Because of divisions between two groups of Monarchists they end up creating the 3 rd Republic.

11. The Dreyfus Affair There was information being sent from the army to France’s enemies. There was information being sent from the army to France’s enemies. A jewish soldier named Dreyfus was accused and found guilty of treason by a court of law despite poor evidence. A jewish soldier named Dreyfus was accused and found guilty of treason by a court of law despite poor evidence. The Liberals, especially Emile Zola take up his cause and try to get him released. The Liberals, especially Emile Zola take up his cause and try to get him released. The Conservatives try to keep him in jail although he is eventually exonerated and freed. The Conservatives try to keep him in jail although he is eventually exonerated and freed. It demonstrated that Anti-Semitism was still prevalent in France. (WWII) It demonstrated that Anti-Semitism was still prevalent in France. (WWII)