1. Latin America and the US after the Spanish-American War

2. Hawaii and Panama Acquisition of Hawaii –Americans knew of Hawaii through whaling, missionary activities, and sugar cane production –In 1893 when the Hawaiian Queen, Liliuokalani, attempted to establish an absolute monarchy Americans living on Hawaii took control of the islands –Hawaii was annexed by the US during the S-A War as a war measure to ensure that the US could control Pearl Harbor and that a foreign power would not gain the islands.

3. Acquisition of Panama Canal The French were building a canal across Panama under a contract with Columbia (of which Panama was a province) When the Columbian Senate refused to allow the US to purchase the French right to build a canal the Canal Company and the US encouraged the Panamanians to revolt The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty with Panama gave the US the right to control the 10 mile wide Canal Zone in perpetuity in return for rent payments. The Canal Zone was returned to Panama in 2000.

4. US policy after S-A War From 1898 to 1932 the US intervened militarily in 9 Caribbean nations 34 times. In addition to military intervention, the US used threats, non- recognition, and economic sanctions to control the Caribbean region The US economic stake in the Caribbean was substantial (hence the term the “ American Lake ” ). By 1914, the US had invested $336 million in Cuba and the West Indies, $93 million in Central America, and over $1 billion in Mexico, and American investors had considerable influence in gov ’ t policy for LA.

5. US policy in LA from T. Roosevelt to FDR The Big Stick and Dollar Diplomacy –Pres. T. Roosevelt’s (TR) policy of “speak softly and carry a big stick” led to the “Roosevelt Corollary” to the Monroe Doctrine. TR’s policy grew out of the 1904 Dominican Republic debt crisis. In the corollary the US asserted that it would intervene in the internal affairs of LA states (collecting debts, maintaining order, etc…), but European nations (and later Japanese) were not welcome. See handout (Roosevelt Corollary) –Under Dollar Diplomacy Pres. Taft hoped that US financial supervision would promote order in LA.

6. Pres. Wilson and LA Wilson continued his predecessor’s policies. These policies led to the US marines occupying Nicaragua during 1912-33; Haiti during 1915-34; and the Dominican Republic during 1916-24. In 1916 the US bought the Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million. Thirteen LA countries supported the US during World War I.

7. Moral Diplomacy “The force of America is the force of moral principle” -Woodrow Wilson A policy put in place during the Wilson presidency. The idea that the US would support only L.A. governments that were democratic or otherwise supported US interests. –Wilson hope to influence and control countries through economic pressure. He hoped that this policy would force those countries not in line with the US into submission

8. FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaimed that the US would not intervene in LA and would be a “good neighbor”. With some exceptions the US kept to this policy.