1. Functional Groups
What is the family name?

2. alkanes C H Only carbon and hydrogen All single bonds
Q: What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up o of just single bonds?
A: Cycloalkanes

3. alkenes H C Only carbon and hydrogen A carbon to carbon double bond
Q: What should you call a molecule with two C=Cs?
A: A diene

4. alcohols Only one oxygen Has an O-H group
Can classify as 1º/2º/3º according to position of O-H group on carbon skeleton C H O
Q: Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in water?
A: They can form hydrogen bonds with H2O molecules

5. phenols Only one oxygen Has an O-H group
The O-H group is directly attached to a benzene ring H O
Q: The C6H5- group has a special name. What is it?
A: Phenyl

6. aldehydes H O C Only one oxygen Has a C=O group
C=O group is at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to a hydrogen atom
Q: Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form …?
A: Carboxylic acids

7. ketones C H O Only one oxygen Has a C=O group
C=O group is not at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to 2 carbons
Q: Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not?
A: No hydrogen atom attached to the C=O group.

8. carboxylic acids H O C Has 2 oxygens
Has O-H and C=O groups on the same carbon atom
This -COOH group has to be at the end of a carbon chain (why?) C H O
Q: Write an equation showing how ethanoic acid can a act as a (weak) acid.
A: CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO–(aq) + H+(aq)

9. esters
Has 2 oxygens
One oxygen is part of a C=O bond, the other is next door, sandwiched between two carbons C H O
Q: This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic acid with a an alcohol. Name the alcohol, and name the ester.
A: Alcohol = methanol; ester = methyl ethanoate

10. ethers Has 1 oxygen No O-H or C=O group
The oxygen is sandwiched between two carbon atoms C H O
Q: Why do ethers have much lower boiling points t than their isomeric alcohols?
A: No hydrogen bonds between ether molecules (why?)

11. “What family…?” quiz 5 … 4 … 3 … 2 … 1 … GO! Family names: cycloalkane
alkene
primary (1º) alcohol
secondary (2º) alcohol
tertiary (3º) alcohol
phenol
aldehyde
ketone
carboxylic acid
ester
ether
… are you ready?
5 …
4 …
3 …
2 …
1 …
GO!

12. What family does it belong to? (1)C H

13. What family does it belong to? (2)C H O

14. What family does it belong to? (3)C H O

15. What family does it belong to? (4)C H

16. What family does it belong to? (5)C O

17. What family does it belong to? (6)C H O

18. What family does it belong to? (7)C H O

19. What family does it belong to? (8)

20. What family does it belong to? (9)C H O

21. What family does it belong to? (10)C H O

22. What family does it belong to? (11)C H

23. Answers: “What family?” quiz (1)C H
alkene

24. Answers: “What family?” quiz (2)C H O
aldehyde

25. Answers: “What family?” quiz (3)C H O
secondary alcohol

26. Answers: “What family?” quiz (4)O C H
primary alcohol

27. Answers: “What family?” quiz (5)C O
ether

28. Answers: “What family?” quiz (6)C H O
ester

29. Answers: “What family?” quiz (7)C H O
ketone

30. Answers: “What family?” quiz (8)O
phenol

31. Answers: “What family?” quiz (9)C H O
carboxylic acid

32. Answers: “What family?” quiz (10)C H O
tertiary alcohol

33. Answers: “What family?” quiz (11)C C H H H
cycloalkane

34. “Spot the functional groups” quiz
alkene
primary (1º) alcohol
secondary (2º) alcohol
tertiary (3º) alcohol
phenol
arene (NEW!)
aldehyde
ketone
carboxylic acid
ester
ether
… are you ready?
5 …
4 …
3 …
2 …
1 …
GO!

35. Spot both the functional groups (1)
phenol OH OH O OH O
carboxylic acid

36. Spot all three functional groups (2)OH O O
ester OH O
carboxylic acid
arene

37. Spot both the functional groups (3)OH OH O
phenol
ester

38. Spot both the functional groups (4)
primary alcohols OH OH OH
secondary alcohol

39. Spot all three functional groups (5)
ketone OH O O OH
tertiary alcohol
alkene

40. Spot all three functional groups (6)
aldehyde
alkene
arene

41. Spot all three functional groups (7)
OCH3 O O
ketone
arene
OCH3
ether

42. Functional groups quiz: results
Maximum score = 18
How did you do?