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POLARITON CONDENSATION IN TRAP MICROCAVITIES: AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH C. Trallero-Giner, A. V. Kavokin and T. C. H. Liew Havana University and CINVESTAV-DF University of Southampton Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
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OUTLINE Introduction Analytical approaches Results Conclusions
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Introduction
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-Photons from a laser create electron-hole pairs or excitons. polariton -The excitons and photons interaction form a new quantum state= polariton. Peter Littlewood SCIENCE VOL 316
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2 dimensional GaAs-based microcavity structure. Spatial strep trap ( R. Balili, et al. Science 316, 1007 (2007))
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two dimensional Gross-Pitaievskii equation The description of the linearly polarized exciton polariton condensate formed in a lateral trap semiconductor microcavity : α 1 and α 2 – self-interaction parameter ω – trap frequency m – exciton-polariton mass
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- Explicit analytical representations for the whole range of the self-interaction parameter α 1 +α 2. The main goal -To show the range of validity.
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Thomas-Fermi approach Experimentally it is not always the case Analytical approaches
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Variational method For non-linear differential equation the variational method is not well establish.
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Gross-Pitaievskii integral equation - Green function Green function formalism
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-spectral representation -Integral representation -harmonic oscillator wavefunctions
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Perturbative method It is useful to get simple expressions for μ 0 and Φ 0 through a perturbation approach. ∫|Φ 0 (r)| 2 dr=N
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Ψ 0 =Φ 0 / √N -small term ∫| Ψ 0 | 2 dr=1
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-must fulfill the non-linear equation system T is a fourth-range tensor
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Energy Λ/2
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The normalized order parameter Ψ 0 H n (z) the Hermite polynomial Ei(z)-the exponential integral; γ-the Euler constant
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Ψ(r)= Φ(r)/√N r→r/l
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The polaritons have two allowed spin projections If the absence of external magnetic field the ‘‘parallel spins’’ and ‘‘anti-parallel spin’’ states of noninteracting polaritons are degenerate. The effect of a magnetic field To find the order parameter in a magnetic field we start with the spinor GPE: We are in presence of two independent circular polarized states Φ±
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-Ω is the magnetic field splitting -two coupled spinor GPEs for the two circularly polarized components Φ ± -α 1 the interaction of excitons with parallel spin -α 2 the interaction of excitons with anti-parallel spin The normalization ∫ |Φ ± |dr = N ± Ψ ± (r)= Φ ± (r)/√N ±
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Λ 1 =α 1 N + /(2l 2 ћω) Λ 12 =α 2 N - /(2l 2 ћω) η=N + /N - Energies
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μ + =(E + -Ω))/ ћω =1+0.159*(Λ 1 +Λ 12 )+ 0.0036*F + (Λ 1,Λ 12 ) μ - =(E - +Ω))/ ћω =1+0.159*(Λ 1 / η +Λ 12 η)+ 0.0036*F - (Λ 1 / η, Λ 12 η) F + =(3Λ 1 +2Λ 12 )(Λ 1 /η+ηΛ 12 )+Λ 12 (Λ 1 +Λ 12 ) F - =(3Λ 1 /η+2Λ 12 η)(Λ 1 +Λ 12 )+(Λ 1 /η+ηΛ 12 )Λ 12 η
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μ + =(E + -Ω))/ ћω μ - =(E - +Ω))/ ћω Λ 1 =α 1 N + /(2l 2 ћω) Λ 12 =α 2 N - /(2l 2 ћω)
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μ + =1+0.159*(Λ 1 +Λ 12 ) +0.0036*F + (Λ 1,Λ 12 ) μ - =1+0.159* (Λ 1 / η +Λ 12 η)+0.0036* F - (Λ 1, Λ 12 )
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Order parameter for the two circularly polarized Ψ ± components.
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Λ 1 =1 Λ 12 =0.4 Ψ ± = Φ ± /√N ± η=N + /N - =1 =0.6 =0.4
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Conclusions -We have provided analytical solution for the exciton-polariton condensate formed in a lateral trap semiconductor microcavity. -An absolute estimation of the accuracy of the method −3 < Λ < 3
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Λ versus the detuning parameter δ Typical Values GaAs N~10 5 -10 6
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-We extended the method to find the ground state of the condensate in a magnetic field
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-Validity of the method
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THANKS
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