1. Low Energy Building Design Group B Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson Embedded Generation

2. Scottish research centre  Introduction: aims; briefly introduce the design  What is the demand? profiles  Discuss different technologies which we have looked at and how they influence (suit) the demand profiles:  Solar  Wind  Ground heating  CHP  Next steps in investigation. Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

3. The Design  Residential building in remote Scotland  Occupancy:  52 during Summer (June 1 st to August 31 st ),  16 during Winter (September 1 st to May 31 st )  Linked with a work building. Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

4. Demand  Space heating  Water heating Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

5. Demand  Lighting  Appliances Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

6. Solar: Photovoltaic  What: Production of electrical power from the sun,  Characteristics:  Efficiency is higher for modules which are angled and even more so if they track the movement of the sun,  The power is harvested during the day, can be stored in batteries until there is demand but this reduces the efficiency,  Usually have a maximum efficiency of 15%,  Efficiency is increased by cooling the modules by ventilating at the back,  The power demand profile for our building has peak periods of demand between 0700 and 0900, 1200 and 1400, 1700 and 2300. Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

7. Solar: Thermal  What: Utilises the power of the sun to produce hot water,  Characteristics:  System efficiency is usually about 25%,  Good to have a large draw off of hot water in the middle of the day,  Again they have to be angled,  The hot water demands are between 0700 and 1000, 1200 and 1500, 1700 and 1900,  The changing hours of daylight throughout the year will alter the effectiveness of the system. Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

8. Supply Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

9. Wind turbines  what is it ?  extracting the kinetic energy from an air flow Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

10. Wind turbines Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson  types / characteristics  power ratings : few kW to 2 MW (typical commercial in a farm 600kW)  life time : 15-25 years with maintenance  unpredictable source of power (minimum 5 m/s)  power in the wind is proportional to the cube of wind speed  Scotland is windy, this source of energy is viable.

11. Ground source heating  What: Heat extracted from the ground via heat pumps  Characteristics: Provide water and space heating Stable resource (no fluctuation in ground temperature) Requires energy input, efficiency given by CoP (3-4)  Suitable for our building and interesting because of the constant profile Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

12. Ground source heating Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

13. CHP  what: production on-site of heat and power in a single independent system  characteristics: Efficient utilisation of fuel Heat provided is often hot water H/P ratio depends on the type of engine: 0.5/1 < H/P < 5/1 Suitable for large and constant demands Requires space  compatibility: Living area: occasional occupancy, peak loads, no constant demand Do not suit very well Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

14. CONCLUSION Group B : Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson  We will investigate:  Alter the demand profiles to fit the supply = make changes in operation, geometry and construction  Optimize the building consumption of renewable energy