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Screening and Immunizations for Women Shannon Boerner, MD May 14, 2013
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Objectives Identify basic screening tests used in Women’s Health Name common immunizations used in Women’s Health Describe which tests are appropriate for you to ask your health care provider about
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Screening Tests Why? Discover a disease or problem in its early, TREATABLE stages Saves lives by finding diseases that would otherwise progress Protects health Communicable diseases
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Pap Smear What: screening for cervical cancer or precancerous cells Who: all women who have a cervix No Pap test for women who have had a hysterectomy (for non- cancerous reason) When: Start at age 21 (regardless of sexual activity) Every 3 years until age 30 Between 30-65, every 5 years IF also having an HPV test Stop after age 65 How: Pelvic exam with a speculum, small swab of cervix
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Gonorrhea & Chlamydia What: sexually transmitted infections Who: all sexually active women 25 and younger When: every year How: swab of cervix during a speculum exam, or a urine test
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HIV Test What: sexually transmitted infection Who: adults age 15 to 65, every pregnant woman When: at least once, or more often if risk factors continue with every pregnancy, even if previously negative How: blood test or cheek swab
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Mammogram What: breast cancer screening Who: women age 40-50 to 75 When: every other year How: X ray of breasts done with a machine that compresses (squeezes) the breast flat between two plates
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DXA Scan What: screening for osteoporosis (bone thinning) Who: women over 65, or younger if you have risk factors Smoking, Caucasian, thin, steroids, alcohol use, family history When: Every 2-5 years, more often if you have osteoporosis How: Lie down (fully dressed) on a DXA scanner
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Colonoscopy What: screening for colon cancer Who: women age 50 to 75 Sooner if 1 st degree relative with colon cancer When: every 10 years How: flexible tube with camera passed through rectum into entire large intestine while you are sedated
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Cholesterol Testing What: screening for high cholesterol Who: women age 20 to 65 When: every 5 years or less Every 1-2 years if cholesterol is high How: blood test – no longer need to be fasting
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Diabetes Testing What: screening for diabetes (high blood sugar) Who: all adult women with BMI > 25 and one or more risk factors Family history, gestational diabetes, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, PCOS When: Every year to 3 years How: blood test – no longer have to be fasting
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What Does She Need? Healthy 25 year old
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Screening By Age 19 to 25 years Screenings: Pap (over age 21) every 3 years Gonorrhea & chlamydia every year HIV test at least once Cholesterol testing (over age 20) Diabetes testing (if risk factors present)
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What Does She Need? Healthy 40 year old
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Screening by Age 26 to 49 years Screenings: Pap (over age 30) every 5 years HIV test at least once Mammogram every other year over age 40 Cholesterol testing Diabetes testing (if risk factors present)
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What Does She Need? Healthy 55 year old
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Screening by Age 50 to 75 years Screenings: Pap every 5 years HIV test at least once Mammogram every other year over age 40 Cholesterol testing Diabetes testing (if risk factors present) Colonoscopy at age 50 & every ten years
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Immunizations Vaccines save 3 million lives each year around the globe Prevent disease and permanent disability in many millions more Widely seen as the single greatest contributor to public health in the last century
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DTaP What: prevents diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis Who: adult women When: age 19 and older How: injection into muscle
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Influenza What: protects against influenza virus (“the flu”) Who: all adult women When: every year October through March How: injection into muscle, nose spray, or dermal injection
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HPV What: protects against human papilloma virus (HPV) which causes cervical cancer Who: all women age 19-26 When: anytime – series of 3 vaccines How: injection into muscle
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Pneumococcal What: protects against many strains of pneumococcal bacterial infections Pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, meningitis Who: adult women 19-65 with risk factors SMOKING, asthma, COPD, diabetes, liver disease All adult women over 65 When: once Unless given before 65 for risk factors, then once more after age 65 How: injection into muscle
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Shingles What: protects against shingles (herpes zoster) Who: all adult women over 60 When: once How: injection into muscle
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What Does She Need? Healthy 25 year old
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Immunizations by Age 19 to 59 years DTaP once Influenza every year HPV series (until age 26) Pneumococcal if a smoker, lung disease, diabetes, etc
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What Does She Need? Healthy 66 year old
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Immunizations by Age 60 years and older DTaP once Influenza every year Shingles once Pneumococcal (over age 65)
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Summary Screenings and immunizations save lives and keep us healthier! Ask your health care provider what screenings and vaccines are appropriate for you Be educated CDC (Centers for Disease Control) website is excellent & has clear, accurate info www.cdc.gov
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