1. The Evolution of The Performance Appraisal Process Informal PA Behaviorally- based Rating System to reduce rater error and increasing value MBO Formal PA Legal IssuesPA Today

2. Research and Practice Issues (Bretz et al, 1999)

3. Research on Performance Appraisal Cognitive processing of information Rater/Ratee personal characteristics Rating error and accuracy Appraisal source Appraisal feedback Rater training Performance appraisal format

4. Performance Appraisal Practices System design and characteristics – Design – Formats – Raters and source of rating information System management – Time spent – Decision making – Training – Rater accountability Fairness of performance appraisal

5. Note The issues of interest to managers and researchers may different but not mutually exclusive

6. Why Managerial Performance Appraisals are Ineffective?