1. Modern Philosophy
Part two

2. Baruch Spinoza Background Early years The road to excommunication
Lenses & philosophy
Works

3. Spinoza: Goals & Methods
Goal: Freedom
Ethics
Method
Foundation
Assumptions

4. Spinoza: Epistemology
Truth
Necessity
Appearance of contingency
Ideas
Opinion/Imagination
Reason
Intuition

5. Spinoza: Metaphysics Substance Defining substance Infinity
Defining God
Ontological Argument for God’s existence
God
Argument for one substance
Pantheism
Is God a Person

6. Spinoza: Metaphysics Atheist or Mystic Freedom & necessity Labels
False Dilemma
Freedom & necessity
Apparent contradiction
Creation & Necessity
Two types of events
Free Will

7. Spinoza: Metaphysics
Mind-Body problem
God’s attributes
Mind-Body

8. Spinoza: Ethics Freedom Overview Method Self Preservation
Self-awareness
The Mind
Comprehensive understanding

9. Spinoza: Ethics Good & Evil Love & Immortality Self-preservation
Intellectual love of God
Immortality

10. Spinoza: Criticism/Impact
Conclusion
The Wise man
Criticism
Desirable
Coherent
Impact
18th Century
19th Century
20th Century

11. Leibniz: Background German Culture Background for Leibniz Stagnant
Early years
Professional career
Diplomacy
Works

12. Leibniz: Goal & Method Goal Logical Method Unified Logic Method
Application of the method
Assumptions

13. Leibniz: Epistemology
Innate Ideas
Against Locke
The Mind
Against the empiricists

14. Leibniz: Epistemology Necessity & Contingency
Truths of Reason & Truths of Fact
Truths of reason
Truths of fact
Necessary & contingent truths
Deduction

15. Leibniz: Metaphysics God
Proofs for God’s existence
Proof of God’s existence by possibility & necessity
Perfection
Existence
Cosmological Argument
Two principles
Two kinds of truth
Sufficient Reason

16. Leibniz: Metaphysics Problem of Evil
Best of All Possible Worlds
The best world
God’s choice
Diversity
No Better Possible World
Intellectualist view
The Problem & Reply
The Best
Denial of pantheism

17. Leibniz: Metaphysics Problem of Evil
Evil as Privation
The question
Origin of evil-the ancients
Origin of evil-intellectualist view
Understanding & necessity
Analogy of the Boats
Boats
The Analogy
Defects

18. Leibniz: Metaphysics Metaphysical Points
Problems & Solutions
Introduction
Problems with Cartesian matter
Problems with Spinoza
Rejection of materialism
Phenomenology
Metaphysical Points

19. Leibniz: Metaphysics Monads
Nature of Monads
Introduction
Minds
Perception
Continuity
The identity of indiscernibles

20. Leibniz: Metaphysics Monads
Windowless Monads
Windowless
Pre-Established harmony
Inner World
One World
Space & Time
Extended Things

21. Leibniz: Metaphysics Monads
Mind-Body Problem
Bodies
Interaction
Teleology & Mechanism
Reconciliation
Two Realms
Freedom & Determinism
Freedom
Compatibilism

22. Leibniz: Metaphysics Monads
The City of God
Souls
Why did God create the world?
Harmony, reward & punishment
Machinery of Justice

23. Leibniz: Metaphysics Problems & Impact
The best of all possible worlds
Freedom
Collapse to Spinoza
Impact
Dominant
Lost potential
Universal, logically perfect language