1. Making Comparisons in English By, G. Javier Burgos

2. Who do you think is MORE ATTRACTIVE?

3. “ Yes, the giraffe is taller than me but I am SEXIER than her”
The Ant Responded:
“ Yes, the giraffe is taller than me but I am SEXIER than her”
The Giraffe says.
“I am TALLER THAN that ant”

4. Javier's house Anita's house
We often use comparisons because we want to talk about the differences between people, places, and things.
Here is an example:
Javier´s house is bigger than Anita´s.
Anita´s house is smaller than Javier’s.
3. Javier’s house is more expensive and prettier than Anita’s house.
Javier's house
Anita's house

5. The comparative forms from the previous example are: -bigger than -smaller than -More expensive than -Prettier than So When do we use “–er” and when do we use “more?”
Here are the rules

6. Rule 1: For 1-syllable adjectives, JUST add “er” to the end.
How many syllables are the words: “big” and “small?” 1
For 1-syllable adjectives,
JUST add “er” to the end.
Example: Tom is smarter than Joe.
*If the 1-syllable adjective ends with the letter “e,”
JUST add “r” to the end.
Examples: nicer wiser
**If the 1-syllable adjective has a C-V-C pattern,
Double the consonant and add “er.” 
Examples: San Francisco is wetter than San Diego.
San Diego is bigger than San Francisco.

7. Rule 2: For adjectives that end with the letter “y,”
DROP the “y” and add “ier.”
Examples:
Adjective = ugly Anita´s house is Uglier than Javier´s house.
Adjective = pretty FECYT faculty is prettier than CC.SS. Faculty
Adjective = friendly Angelina is friendlier than Fiona.

8. Rule 3: (more than 1) For adjectives that are 2 or more syllables,
How many syllables is the word: beautiful ? 4
(more than 1)
For adjectives that are 2 or more syllables,
use “more” + the adjective to make the comparative form.
Examples:
Adjective = beautiful
Mery ’s face is more beautiful than Javier´s face .
Adjective = comfortable
This armchair is more comfortable than that chair.

9. Rule 4: Irregular comparatives: You MUST memorize these! Examples:
good = better than far = farther (further) than
bad = worse than
Adjective = good
My grades are better than Michael’s.

10. · far = farther (further) Many/much/ a lot of/lots of/ few/ a few
Examples:
· good =  better
· bad =  worse
· far = farther (further)
· well = better
· badly = worse
· little = less
Many/much/ a lot of/lots of/ few/ a few
= more/less

11. Never use both MORE and “ER!”
Grammar Rule:
Never use both MORE and “ER!”
Incorrect:
Lisa’s job is more better than mine.
Correct:
Lisa’s job is better than mine.

12. Rule 5: Using “less than” Examples:
Sometimes we compare two things by using “less than.”
To do this, use LESS + adjective + THAN
When using “less than,” the adjective DOES NOT CHANGE
Examples:
He is LESS energetic than my other teacher.
This class is LESS crowded than the other one.
New York City is LESS polluted than Los Angeles.

13. Review of Rules Rule . . . ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE
1. Adjectives with one syllable:
add “er”
old
big
cheap
older than
bigger than
cheaper than
2. Adjectives that end
in “Y”:
drop “Y”, add “ier”
friendly
busy
easy
friendlier than
busier than
easier than
3. Adjectives with two or
more syllables:
use “more”
polite
beautiful
important
more polite than
more beautiful than
more important than
4. Irregular forms: (memorize)
good
bad
far
better than
worse than
farther/further than
5. Less Than
quiet
crowded
less quiet than
less crowded than

14. Some Exceptions...
There are a few exceptions with comparative grammar . . .
These are adjectives that don’t follow the basic rules or that have more than one acceptable form. To learn these, you must memorize them.
“fun” We say: more fun funner
2. “simple” We say: more simple OR simpler
3. “narrow” We say: more narrow OR narrower
4. “quiet” We say: more quiet OR quieter

15. Practice! more interesting prettier friendlier hotter richer
Try these examples. Use the comparative form.
I think Social Studies is _________________ (interesting) than Math.
2. San Diego is a _____________ (pretty) city than L.A.
3. A dog is usually _______________ (friendly) than a cat.
4. It is _____________ (hot) today than it was yesterday.
5. My cousin is ______________ (rich) than I am.
6. USE LESS: Some people think that Spanish is __________________ (difficult) than English.
more interesting
prettier
friendlier
hotter
richer
less difficult

16. Superlatives Use THE and add -est Examples: · smart = the smartest
Superlatives RULE # 1
Use THE  and add -est
Examples:
· smart =  the smartest
· young =  the youngest
· fast = the fastest

17. Superlatives RULE # 2 If the adjective has a CVC pattern, double the consonant and add -est. Don't forget THE! Examples: · wet  =  the wettest · big  =  the biggest · sad = the saddest

18. Superlatives RULE # 3 Change the Y to I and add -est
Superlatives RULE # 3 Change the Y to I and add -est. Don't forget to use THE! Examples: · pretty =  the prettiest · happy =  the happiest · busy = the busiest

19. Superlatives RULE # 4 Adjectives or adverbs with two or more syllables (not ending in Y): Use THE MOST Examples: · famous =  the most famous · interesting =  the most interesting · carefully = the most carefully

20. IRREGULAR SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES Examples: · good =  the best · bad =  the worst · far = the farthest (the furthest) · well = the best · badly = the worst · little = the least Many/much/ a lot of/lots of/ few/ a few = The most/ the least

21. Now
time to Practice
the superlatives

22. Who has the widest mouth in the world?
His name is Francisco Domingo,. He is from Angola.

23. Where was the largest bikini parade held?

24. Hundreds of Women stood at

25. Where is the smallest man in the world from?
He is from Nepal

26. His name is Chandra Dangi and he is 67 cm tall.

27. Who is the tallest man in the world?
He is from «Alpachaca»
His name is Sultan Kosen Burgos, he is my cousin

28. His name is Melvin Boothe
Which man has the longest fingernails in the world?
His name is Melvin Boothe

29. Who has the smallest waist in the world?
Her name is Cathie Jung

30. Chest-over-nipple: 177.8 cm Her name is Annie Turner
Who has the biggest natural breasts in the world?
Under breasts: cm
Chest-over-nipple: cm
Her name is Annie Turner

31. Volume: 470.4 cubic metres Density of : 0.86 tons/ m3
How big is the largest Mining Truck ?
Volume: cubic metres
Density of : 0.86 tons/ m3

32. She is from Ibarra and studies “Enfermeria” at UTN.
Who is the hairiest teenager in the world?
She is from Ibarra and studies “Enfermeria” at UTN.
The true fact: She is from Thailand
Her name is Supatra Nat

33. Measurement: 10.18 m James DeCaine. U.S.A.
Who has the largest rifle in the world?
Measurement: m
James DeCaine. U.S.A.

34. Teacher Javier can do it easily.
It is simple, I can do it.
Could you do this?
Teacher Javier can do it easily.

35. He is as strong as the Teacher.

36. Check for the most amazing recordsin the world

37. SUMMARY: COMPARATIVE VS SUPERLATIVES
Rule 1 - one syllable adjectives or adverbs:
Comparatives
Superlatives
Simply add -er
Examples:
· smart =  smarter
· young =  younger
· fast = faster
Use THE  and add -est
· smart =  the smartest
· young =  the youngest
· fast = the fastest

38. If the adjective has a CVC pattern, double the consonant and add - er.
Rule 1B - One syllable adjectives with a Consonant-Vowel-Consonant  Pattern: (Review Consonants and Vowels)
If the adjective has a CVC pattern, double the consonant and add - er. 
Examples:
· wet  =  wetter
· big  =  bigger
· sad = sadder
Practice comparatives with one- syllable words.
If the adjective has a CVC pattern, double the consonant and add - est. Don't forget THE!
· wet  =  the wettest
· big  =  the biggest
· sad = the saddest
Practice superlatives with one- syllable words.

39. Rule 2 - two syllable adjectives ending in Y
Change the Y to I and add - er   
Examples:
· pretty =  prettier
· happy =  happier
· busy = busier
Practice comparatives ending in Y.
Change the Y to I and add - est. Don't forget to use THE!
· pretty =  the prettiest
· happy =  the happiest
· busy = the busiest
Practice superlatives ending in Y.

40. · interesting = more interesting
Rule 3 - Adjectives or adverbs with two or more syllables (not ending in Y):
  Use MORE
Examples:
· famous =  more famous
· interesting =  more interesting
· carefully = more carefully
Practice comparatives with 2 or more syllables.
Use THE MOST
· famous =  the most famous
· interesting =  the most interesting
· carefully = the most carefully
Practice superlatives with 2 or more syllables.

41. Rule 4 These are the irregular words. There is no system
or pattern here, so you'll just have to remember them.
Fortunately, there are only a few...
Examples:
· good =  better
· bad =  worse
· far = farther (further)
· well = better
· badly = worse
· little = less
Practice irregular comparatives.
· good =  the best
· bad =  the worst
· far = the farthest (the furthest)
· well = the best
· badly = the worst
· little = the least
Practice irregular superlatives.

42. Thanks! You are the best! elt@gmx.us
Javier Burgos E.L.T.