1. How Can We Help Save Biodiversity?

2. Conservation of Endangered Species

3. Endangered Species Top Ten List!
According to the World Wildlife Federation, the following are the ten most endangered species on earth….

4. #10 – The mako shark

5. #9 – Green-cheeked parrot

6. # 8 – Big leaf mahogany

7. # 7 – Hawksbill Turtle

8. # 6 – Alligator Snapping Turtle

9. # 5 - Goldenseal

10. # 4 – Beluga sturgeon

11. # 3 - Tiger

12. # 2 – Giant panda

13. # 1 The black rhinoceros

14. Conservation Biology What is it? What are the concepts that guide it?
Large habitats are more effective at safeguarding species that several habitat fragments
Large areas of habitat typically have the potential to support greater species richness.
It is better if areas of habitat for a given species are located close together rather than far apart.

15. Conservation Biology
Areas that are inaccessible to humans are better than human accessible areas.
It is more effective and more economical to preserve intact ecosystems in which many species live than to work on preserving individual species one at a time.
Higher priority is given to preserving areas that are more biologically diverse than others. (Remember the Hot Spots?)

16. Three Techniques of Conservation Biology
Ecosystem Approach
In situ conservation
Protecting habitats
Restoring damaged or destroyed habitats
Preserve balanced populations of species in their native habitat
Establish legally protected wilderness areas and wildlife reserves
Eliminate or reduce the populations of nonative species

17. Three Techniques of Conservation Biology
Species Approach
Identify endangered species and give them legal protection
Preserve and manage crucial habitats
Ex situ conservation
Zoos, aquarai, botanical gardens, seed banks
Reintroducing endangered species to nature

18. Three Techniques of Conservation Biology
Wildlife Management Approach
Manages game species by:
Using laws to regulate hunting
Establishing harvest quotas
Developing population management plans
Using international treaties to protect migrating game species such as waterfowl

19. Wildlife Refuges
Teddy Roosevelt established Pelican Island off Florida’s Atlantic coast as the 1st wildlife refuge to protect the brown pelican (1903)
Now have 508 refuges, 85% are in Alaska
¾ are wetlands for protection of migratory waterfowl

20. Bioinformatics
Organizing and storing useful biological information about wild species
Provides computer tools to find, visualize, analyze, and communicate biological information

21. Laws, Acts, and Organizations
CITIES
Lacey Act
Endangered Species Act
Wild Bird Conservation Act
Magnuson Fisheries Management and Conservation Act

22. International Protection
CITIES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (1975)
Signed by 136 countries and list about 700 species that cannot be commercially traded as live specimens or wildlife products because they are endangered or threatened.

23. United States Lacey Act (1900) Endangered Species Act (1973)
Prohibits transporting live or dead wild animals or their parts across state borders without a federal permit
Endangered Species Act (1973)
Endangered or threatened species cannot be hunted, killed, collected or injured in the United States

24. Rules of the Endangered Species Act
National Marine Fisheries Services (NMFS) identifies and list endangered and threatened ocean species.
U.S. fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) identifies and list all other endangered and threatened species.
Adding or removing a species from the list must be based on biology, not economic or political reasons

25. Rules of the Endangered Species Act
Forbids federal agencies to carry out, fund, or authorize projects that would either jeopardize, destroy or modify the critical habitat.
Fines and jail sentences can be imposed on private lands to ensure protection of the habitats of endangered species.

26. Rules of the Endangered Species Act
There are over 1100 species on the list – 60% are plants and 40 % are animals. Hawaii leads this list (298+). Each year about 85 species are added to the list
Requires all commercial shipments of wildlife and wildlife products enter or leave the country through one of nine designated ports.

27. Wild Bird Conservation Act
Imposed a moratorium on importing rare bird species

28. Magnuson Fisheries Management and Conservation Act
Gives the federal government authority to manage fisheries in the zone between 3 and 200 miles off the U.S. shore. There is no limit on the number of U.S. fishing vessels, but quotas can be imposed on the quantity of fish taken.

29. Other Solutions Debt-For-Nature Swap Page 670 (old book
Biosphere reserves Page 633 (old book)
Reintroduction of endangered species