1. SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
Patrick Weasel Head
The University of Montana
Missoula, MT

2. What is a SWOT analysis and why should you use one?
A SWOT analysis guides you to identify the positives and negatives inside your institution (S-W) and outside of it, in the external environment (O-T).
Developing a full awareness of your situation can help with both strategic planning and decision-making.
The SWOT method was originally developed for business and industry, but it is equally useful in other arenas, and even personal growth.
SWOT is not the only assessment technique you can use, but is one with a long track record of effectiveness. The strengths of this method are its simplicity and application to a variety of levels of operation.

3. When do you use SWOT?
A SWOT analysis can offer helpful perspectives at any stage of an effort. You might use it to:
Explore possibilities for new efforts or solutions to problems.
Make decisions about the best path for your initiative. Identifying your opportunities for success in context of threats to success can clarify directions and choices.
Determine where change is possible. If you are at a point of making a decision, an inventory of your strengths and weaknesses can reveal priorities as well as possibilities.
Adjust and refine plans mid-course. A new opportunity might open wider avenues, while a new threat could close a path that once existed.
SWOT also offers a simple way of communicating and is an excellent way to organize information you have gathered from studies or surveys.

4. What are the elements of a SWOT analysis?
A SWOT analysis focuses on the four elements of the acronym, but the graphic format you use varies depending on the depth and complexity of your effort.
Remember that the purpose of performing a SWOT is to reveal positive forces that work together and potential problems that need to be addressed or at least recognized. Before you conduct a SWOT session, decide what format or layout you will use.

5. Here are a few sample layouts-ideas of what your SWOT analysis can look like.
You can list internal and external opposites side by side.
Internal
External
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunity
Threats

6. Positives Negatives strengths assets resources opportunities prospects
Or if a looser structure helps you brainstorm, group the positives and negatives to think broadly about your institution
Positives
Negatives
strengths
assets
resources
opportunities
prospects
weaknesses
limitations
restrictions
threats
challenges

7. This might be appropriate for a large initiative that requires detailed planning.
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
(OS) Strategies Use strengths to take advantage of opportunities 1. 2.
(OW) Strategies overcome weaknesses by taking advantage of opportunities
THREATS
(TS) Strategies Use strengths to avoid threats
(TW) Strategies Minimize weaknesses and avoid threats

8. Listing Your Internal Factors: Strengths and Weaknesses (S, W)
Internal factors include your resources and experiences. General areas to consider are:
Human resources - staff, board members, target population
Physical resources - your location, building, equipment (Does your building have a prime location? Does it need renovations?)
Financial - grants, funding agencies, other sources of income
Activities and processes - programs you run, systems you employ
Past experiences - building blocks for learning and success, your reputation in the community

9. Listing External Factors: Opportunities and Threats (O, T)
Forces and facts that your group does not control include:
Future trends - in your field (On line courses?)
The economy – tribal, local, national, or international
Funding sources - foundations, federal, tribal, donors, legislatures
Demographics - changes in the age, race, gender, culture of those you serve or in your area
The physical environment (Are you outgrowing your buildings, older buildings, increased utilities?)
Legislation (Do new tribal, state, federal, accreditation requirements make your job harder-or easier?)
Tribal, local, national or international events

10. Who develops the SWOT?
The most common users are institutional members who are responsible for decision-making and strategic planning.
An individual or small group can develop a SWOT analysis, but it will be more effective if you take advantage of many stakeholders.
Each person or group offers a different perspective on the strengths and weaknesses and has different experiences of both.
Likewise, one staff member, or stakeholder may have information about an opportunity or threat that is essential to understanding your position and determining your future.

11. When and where do you develop a SWOT analysis?
Is often created during a retreat or planning session that allows several hours for both brainstorming and more structured analysis.
The best results come when participants are encouraged to have an open attitude about possibilities.
The tone when creating a SWOT analysis is usually collaborative and inclusive.

12. How do you develop a SWOT analysis?
Designate a facilitator who has good listening and group process skills, and who can keep things moving and on track.
Designate a recorder to back up the leader if your group is large. Use newsprint on a flip chart or a large board to record the analysis and discussion points.
Introduce the SWOT method and its purpose in your institution. This can be as simple as asking, Where are we, where can we go?
Divide your stakeholders into smaller groups.
The size of these depends on the size of your entire group-breakout groups can range from three to ten.
Have each group designate a recorder, and provide each with newsprint or dry -erase board. Direct them to create a SWOT analysis in the format you choose-a chart, columns, a matrix, or even a page for each quality.

13. How do you use your SWOT analysis?
Knowledge is indeed power, and knowing what the positives and negatives of your program are puts you in a more powerful position for action. While a SWOT analysis is not in itself action, it can be a "support team" to help you:
Identify the issues or problems you intend to change
Set or reaffirm goals
Create an action plan

14. To Sum Up
A SWOT analysis identifies your S, W, O and T to assist you in making strategic plans and decisions.
SWOT is a simple yet comprehensive way of assessing the positive and negative forces within and without your organization, so you can be better prepared to act effectively
The SWOT analysis prompts you to move in a balanced way throughout your program.
A SWOT analysis will be most helpful if you use it to support the vision and mission of your institution.