1. Lecture Organization India Lane Educational Enhancement, UTCVM

2. Lecture Organization Brief Review Types of Lecture Formats Planning the Lecture Fundamentals lecture organization Additional tips

3. When are lectures useful?

4. The purpose is to teach information The presenter is effective, comfortable and the “expert” The learners are able to assimilate from lectures Group size is moderate to large Facilities are adequate

5. Lecture Types Hierarchic Problem - centered Chaining Comparison –Paired classifications Logical dichotomy Network

6. Hierarchical Level 1 point A –Level 2 point a –Level 2 point b Level 2 point B –Level 2 point a –Level 2 point b Level 3…

7. Problem Centered

8. Compare/Contrast CriterionUpper limb Dog ARF Lower limb Cat CRF

9. Other Lecture Types Chaining Logical Dichotomy Network

10. Common Organizing Principles Cause to effect Historical time sequence Phenomenon or examples theory Pro versus con or compare/contrast Familiar unfamiliar Concept application

11. Planning Lecture Organization What are the goals of the lecture, course, program, institution? What is the logical structure of the subject matter? What is the cognitive structure of students’ minds (currently)?

12. Planning What room will it be in? What will I need? Is the technology ready? Will I need to buy/digitize/request/setup anything? Can I get the reading, notes, examples, etc to the students ahead of time?

13. Lecture Structure Introduction Body Periodic Summaries Conclusion

14. Lecture Structure Introduction Body Periodic Summaries Conclusion

15. Introduction Capture attention Point out a gap in students’ knowledge Raise a question Offer a challenge Prequestions Example, case, application

16. Introduction One recommendation Aims –Announce lecture topic –Present educational goals/aims –Show importance Context –Show relevance of topic to goals –Refer to earlier lectures Framework –Indicate lecture structure and scope

17. Body Highlight a few major ideas or sequences Appropriate use of audiovisual support Keep highlighting the overall structure Use examples where possible

18. The Body of the Lecture…Another reminder

19. Lecture Attention

20. Periodic Summaries Offers a chance to catch up Offers a chance to check onperceptions/misperceptions Makes transitions clearer

21. Periodic Summaries

22. Conclusion Recapitulate major points Encourage students to formulate questions Review organization of the lecture Ask a student(s) to summarize the lecture Propose unanswered questions for next time or for independent work

23. Lecture Structure Introduction Body Periodic Summaries Conclusion

24. …and now for audience participation “ What is the most common error in lecture preparation and delivery?”

25. the answer… Trying to cover TOO MUCH MATERIAL

26. Planning What do I really want students to remember from this lecture…next week.. next year? What in my lecture could be better learned by another method?

27. Planning What are the most difficult concepts? What are the most diverse or scattered concepts? What relationships within the material are more subtle than others? What framework is needed for future learning?

28. For New Points Itemize (list, bullet, etc) Use a visual buildup (slide, picture, etc) Take stock and summarize And…

29. For New Points Itemize (list, bullet, etc) Use a visual buildup (slide, picture, etc) Take stock and summarize And…

30. Making a point effectively Rule E.g….. Rule

31. Making a point effectively Concisely state the rule –Simple language using 7-8 words –One key word –Less than 5 seconds (Remember trace decay is quick!!)

32. Making a point effectively… e.g…. Display –Word, statement on screen Reexpress –Say it another way Elaborate –Illustrate –Explain –Detal –Analogies –Relate –Example

33. Making a point effectively… rule! Rule –Recapitulate –Restate (Use the same statement you started with) And…

34. Making a point effectively Rule E.g….. Rule

35. Making a More Difficult Point E.g. Rule E.g

36. Making a More Difficult Point E.g. »Example(s) »Reasoned interpretations »Observe* Rule »Concise statement/display Rule »Rexpression E.g »New example »Recapitulate, restate

37. Definitions Point out that a definition is coming Keep it simple –A = B + C Avoid embedded definitions –A – (B + D) + (C +E)

38. Gaining attention Variation –Intensity –Pace –Expression –Surprises

39. Gaining attention Visual cues –Gestures –Movement –Eye contact/facial expression Demonstrations, cases, activities, questions Use a lot of examples PAUSES!

40. Getting feedback Watch the students –Not necessarily the top students Ask, assess

41. Summary Use lecture format when appropriate Plan what to cover and the best structure/format Use an Introduction, Body, Periodic Summaries, Conclusion Convey the structure to be used Keep refreshing the structure as you introduce new points/make links Periodically take stock or summarize