1. Basic Agricultural Awareness

2. Agriculture defined
Activities concerned with the production of plants and animals, and related supplies, services, mechanics, products, processing, and marketing.

3. Agriculture defined
USDA refers to agriculture as “agriculture/agribusiness and renewable natural resources.”
Another definition is food, fiber, and environmental systems

4. Agriscience defined
Agriscience is the application of scientific principles and new technologies to agriculture.
Also called applied science because it uses principles learned in biology chemistry, and physics (the basic sciences) in a practical way.

5. Agriscience defined Examples of Agriscience:
Agronomy uses biology and chemistry to discover new ways to control weeds in crops.
Entomology uses biology and chemistry to study insect life.
Agricultural engineering uses physics to develop new machinery.

6. SCIENTIFIC METHOD

7. Agriscience defined-scientific method
Identify the problem
Review the literature
Form a hypothesis
Prepare a project proposal
Design the experiment
Collect the data

8. Agriscience defined-scientific method
Draw conclusions
Prepare a written report

9. Agribusiness defined
Commercial firms (businesses) that stem from (or meet the needs of) agriculture

10. Agribusiness examples
Related to farming:
Chemical company, fertilizer dealer, seed store, tractor dealer, etc.
Related to horticulture:
Landscape nursery, Greenhouse dealer, Horticulture Supply Company, etc.

11. Renewable natural resources
Resources provided by nature that can replace or renew themselves
Important both economically and for posterity’s sake to maintain life
Examples: wildlife, trees, fish

12. World outlook
The world population will grow as more people beget more people
More children are surviving to adulthood
More adults are living longer

13. World outlook Population growth will:
Add stress to environmental systems of air, water, soil, and natural resources
Create challenges to meet the demands for food and fiber (clothing and shelter)

14. TRENDS FOR AGRICULTURE IN THE FUTURE

15. Trends for agriculture/agriscience
Agriculture will always be an essential industry
Increased commercialization of agriculture will continue
New types of farming such as aquaculture (fish-farming and farming the sea) will be used as well as traditional farming methods

16. Trends for agriculture/agriscience
An expanded view of agriculture is necessary
Horticulture will continue to expand as the standard of living is raised
Horticulture involves producing, processing, marketing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants

17. Trends- views
Agriculture includes renewable natural resources management to monitor fish, wildlife, water and land
Agriculture and resources management will include pollution control

18. Trends-views
Forestry- timber management for lumber, poles, post, plywood, etc. is another part

19. Trends- food production, processing, and distribution
College graduates are needed to fill roles as scientists, engineers, and other professionals
The USDA reported an increased demand for graduates from agricultural colleges in the 90s

20. Trends- food
Many careers in Agriscience products and distribution are needed to grade, transport, process, package, and market Agriculture commodities

21. Trends- food
Support for Agricultural supplies and services are also important

22. PROGRESS IN AGRICULTURE
OBJ AG02.01

23. Progress Through Engineering
Little progress in agriculture is recorded before 1800 AD
The use of Iron revolutionized American and European agriculture
Most of the world did not catch on as fast

24. Progress Through Engineering
Mechanization helps 2% of America’s work force meet the food and fiber needs of our nation
There has been a reduction of 90% in production farming in the last 200 years

25. INVENTORS AND INVENTIONS

26. Eli Whitney Invented the cotton gin 1793
Transformed cotton to a usable product
Removed cotton seed from cotton fiber

27. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin

28. Katherine Greene Widow of Revolutionary general, Nathaniel Greene
Whitney worked on Ms. Greene’s farm
Some say Ms. Greene invented the cotton gin

29. Cyrus McCormick Invented the grain reaper 1834 Cut grains
Cut wheat, oats, and other crops

30. Cutting Grain
With the sickle or reaping hook one man could cut from one-half to one acre in a hard day's work.
The cut grain was later bound by hand

31. The Reaper

32. The Reaper
While this first machine required only 2 people for operation (a person to ride the horse and a man to rake the cut grain from the platform), it cut as much grain in one day as men with reaping hooks.

33. Cast Iron Plow Invented in the early 1800’s Thomas Jefferson
Rough surface that dirt stuck to

34. Steel Moldboard Plow Invented 1837 John Deere Smoother surface
Rich clay soil did not stick to it
Made plowing easier and faster

35. Corn Picker Invented in 1850 Edmund Quincy
Helped speed up the harvesting of corn

36. Milking Machine Invented in 1878 Anna Baldwin Used vacuum suction
Replaced hand milking

37. Tractor Invented in 1904 Benjamin Holt
Replaced the mule as a source of power
Horse power

38. Opportunities in Agriculture
North Carolina Statistics:

39. Opportunities in Agriculture
Twenty percent of all jobs in the US are agriscience related. Areas include:
Production
Processing, products and distribution
Supplies and services

40. Opportunities in Agriculture
Agricultural production is supported by many more careers than actually exist in production
The projection is for the average size of farms in the US to increase while the number of farms decrease

41. Opportunities in Agriculture
In the mid 1990s, the number one meat export as far as tonnage shipped from the US was poultry
NC is #2 in nation on broiler
Corn ranks in the top 5 US grain exports year after year

42. Broilers per county.
Macon county shows no income from the sale of poultry.

43. North Carolina's agricultural industry, including food, fiber and forestry, contributes $59.1 billion annually to the State's economy, and accounts for 21.5 percent of the State's income, and employs over 18 percent of the work force.  

44. Opportunities in Agriculture
In NC, the top three agricultural commodities in terms of cash receipts in the late 1990s were hogs, broilers, and tobacco

45. WHAT IS THAT? I AIN’T EATIN NO TOFU
SOYBEANS??
WHAT IS THAT?
I AIN’T EATIN NO TOFU

47. #1
SOYBEANS ARE THE WORLD’S MOST IMPORTANT SOURCES OF VEGETABLE OIL AND PROVIDE BASIC MATERIALS FOR HUNDREDS OF PRODUCTS

48. A REVOLT BY AN ARMY OF GREEN MEN?!??
THE GREEN REVOLUTION
A REVOLT BY AN ARMY OF GREEN MEN?!??

49. NO, THE GREEN REVOLUTION
The Green Revolution was the process where many countries became self-sufficient in food production by using improved crop varieties and practices.

50. The Green Industry * We are in the money now!

51. GREEN INDUSTRY
HORTICULTURE INDUSTRY WITH EMPHASIS ON TURF GRASS AND ORNAMENTAL AND LANDSCAPE PLANTS.

52. THE END