1. Characteristics of Video and Television as a Medium of Instruction

2. INSTRUCTIONAL Media Communication Media : media through which information/ message delivered to audience Communication Media : media through which information/ message delivered to audience Instructional Media : communication facilities to be utilized for transferring/ delivering instructional material to learners Instructional Media : communication facilities to be utilized for transferring/ delivering instructional material to learners

3. Contributions of media to the learning process The instruction can be more interesting The instruction can be more interesting Learning become more interactive through applying accepted learning theory Learning become more interactive through applying accepted learning theory The delivery of instruction can be more standardized The delivery of instruction can be more standardized The length of time required for instruction can be reduced The length of time required for instruction can be reduced The quality of learning can be improved The quality of learning can be improved

4. Contributions of media to the learning process (cont`ed) The positive attitude of students towards what they are learning and to learning process itself can be enhanced. The positive attitude of students towards what they are learning and to learning process itself can be enhanced. The instruction can be provided when and where desired or necessary. The instruction can be provided when and where desired or necessary. The role of the instructor can be appreciably changed in positive direction. The role of the instructor can be appreciably changed in positive direction. (Kemp and Dayton, 1985)

5. Why do we utilize media in the learning process Type of Presentation Degree of Understanding and memory Verbal only1 Verbal only1 Visual only3,5 X Visual only3,5 X Verbal+Visual6 X Verbal+Visual6 X (Peoples, 1988)

6. Characteristics of television and video program to the learning process

7. The video program Effective for: Effective for: Relating one idea to another Relating one idea to another Building a continuity of thought Building a continuity of thought Creating dramatic impact to the subject Creating dramatic impact to the subject Video = media of motion Video = media of motion

8. Contribution of video to the learning process Providing substitution of direct experience Providing substitution of direct experience Enclosing dangerous object to the learner without harming them Enclosing dangerous object to the learner without harming them Concretizing abstract concepts Concretizing abstract concepts Presenting visual and verbal information at once Presenting visual and verbal information at once

9. Television Program Advantages Advantages Covers wide area and large number of audiences. Covers wide area and large number of audiences. Be able to transmit the information promptly. Be able to transmit the information promptly. Be able to provide real situation using various techniques, and visual or sound effect. Be able to provide real situation using various techniques, and visual or sound effect.

10. Television program Disadvantage Disadvantage Depend on the schedule of the TV Station. Depend on the schedule of the TV Station. Could not be controlled by learner or instructor. Could not be controlled by learner or instructor. No interactivity – one way communication. No interactivity – one way communication.

11. Video PROgram Advantages Advantages Particularly useful in describing motion, showing relationship, and giving impact to topic. Particularly useful in describing motion, showing relationship, and giving impact to topic. Allow instant replay of video recording. Allow instant replay of video recording. Videotape reusable Videotape reusable Easy to record lip sync on videotape Easy to record lip sync on videotape May include special filming techniques (animation, time lapse, etc.) May include special filming techniques (animation, time lapse, etc.)

12. Video Program Disadvantage Disadvantage High cost for production. High cost for production. Resolution limited with video for fine detail. Resolution limited with video for fine detail. Incompatibility of video format types. Incompatibility of video format types. Needs talented human resources in developing the program. Needs talented human resources in developing the program.

13. KRITERIA PEMILIHAN MEDIA TUJUAN TUJUAN SASARAN SASARAN WAKTU WAKTU KETERSEDIAAN KETERSEDIAAN BIAYA BIAYA KARAKTERISTIK MEDIA YBS KARAKTERISTIK MEDIA YBS MUTU MUTU

14. Pemilihan Media (Jika Mediumnya Cocok Itulah yang Dipakai) Apakah diperlukan Visualisasi ? Apakah diperlukan Visualisasi ? Apakah diperlukan gerakan untuk mencapai tujuan ? Apakah diperlukan gerakan untuk mencapai tujuan ? Apakh visualisasi perlu warna ? Apakh visualisasi perlu warna ? Apakah medium yang diperlukan harus fleksibel ? Apakah medium yang diperlukan harus fleksibel ? Apakah siswa memerlukan memegang kontrol terhadap kecepatan belajarnya ? Apakah siswa memerlukan memegang kontrol terhadap kecepatan belajarnya ? Apakah mediumnya harus mudah diediit ? Apakah mediumnya harus mudah diediit ?

15. FOTO KELEBIHAN KELEBIHAN 1. Mengkonkritkan yang abstrak 1. Mengkonkritkan yang abstrak 2. Mengatasi batas ruang dan waktu 2. Mengatasi batas ruang dan waktu 3. Mengatasi ruang dan waktu 3. Mengatasi ruang dan waktu 4. Mudah didapat 4. Mudah didapat 5. Mudah menggunakan 5. Mudah menggunakan KETERBATASAN KETERBATASAN 1. Ukuran Kecil (biasanya) 1. Ukuran Kecil (biasanya) 2. Dua dimensi 2. Dua dimensi 3. Tidak bergerak 3. Tidak bergerak 4. Hanya ersifat visual 4. Hanya ersifat visual 5. Yang kompleks kurang baik 5. Yang kompleks kurang baik

16. TELEVISI KELEBIHAN KELEBIHAN 1. Dapat menggunakan media lain (gambar, film, realia dan slide) 1. Dapat menggunakan media lain (gambar, film, realia dan slide) 2. Digemari anak-anak 2. Digemari anak-anak 3. Informasi lisan dan visual 3. Informasi lisan dan visual 4. Informasi hangat dan aktual 4. Informasi hangat dan aktual 5. Mengatasi ruang dan waktu 5. Mengatasi ruang dan waktu 6. Sesuai untuk hampir semua mata pelajaran 6. Sesuai untuk hampir semua mata pelajaran KELEMAHAN KELEMAHAN 1. Mahal 1. Mahal 2. Satu arah 2. Satu arah 3. Di luar kontrol guru/siswa 3. Di luar kontrol guru/siswa

17. FILM KELEBIHAN KELEBIHAN 1. Menunjukan gerakan 1. Menunjukan gerakan 2. Menyajikan proses 2. Menyajikan proses 3. Dapat mengamati hal yang berbahaya 3. Dapat mengamati hal yang berbahaya 4. Dapat untuk mengajarkan keterampilan 4. Dapat untuk mengajarkan keterampilan 5. Dramatisasi 5. Dramatisasi 6. Dapat menggugah emosi 6. Dapat menggugah emosi 7. Menarik perhatian 7. Menarik perhatian 8. Open ended - problem solving dan instruksional 8. Open ended - problem solving dan instruksional KETERBATASAN KETERBATASAN 1. Mahal 1. Mahal

18. OHT (Overhead Transparancy) KELEBIHAN KELEBIHAN 1. Mudah dibawa 1. Mudah dibawa 2. Berbagai jenis materi dapat disajikan 2. Berbagai jenis materi dapat disajikan 3. Mudah dalam pembuatan 3. Mudah dalam pembuatan 4. Durasi presentasi mudah diatur 4. Durasi presentasi mudah diatur 5 Penyaji dapat bertatap muka dengan audience 5 Penyaji dapat bertatap muka dengan audience 6. Ruangan tidak perlu digelapkan 6. Ruangan tidak perlu digelapkan KETERBATASAN KETERBATASAN 1. Harus ada listrik 1. Harus ada listrik 2. Harus ada OHP 2. Harus ada OHP 3. Transparansi mudah kotor 3. Transparansi mudah kotor 4. Mudah rusak (disimpan tanpa penyekat) 4. Mudah rusak (disimpan tanpa penyekat) 5. Urutan mudah berubah (kacau) 5. Urutan mudah berubah (kacau)

19. SLIDE Ukuran 2 x 2 inci Ukuran 2 x 2 inci Kelebihan Kelebihan 1. Urutan fleksibel 1. Urutan fleksibel 2. Mudah membuatnya (Camera automatik) 2. Mudah membuatnya (Camera automatik) 3. Untuk kelompok terbatas atau perorangan 3. Untuk kelompok terbatas atau perorangan 4.Untuk belajar mandiri 4.Untuk belajar mandiri Keterbatasan Keterbatasan 1. Urutan mudah berubah 1. Urutan mudah berubah 2. Mudah kotor 2. Mudah kotor 3. Film positif (Lebih mahal dari film biasa) 3. Film positif (Lebih mahal dari film biasa) 4 Kalau perlu suara dapat didampingi dengan media audio 4 Kalau perlu suara dapat didampingi dengan media audio

20. 14 Langkah Menuju Layar TV 1. Ide 2. Sasaran 3. Tujuan 4. Pokok-pokok materi 5. Tulis sinopsis 6. Buat treatment 7. Tulis Naskah 8. Pengkajian Naskah 9. Produksi Prototpa a. Pra Produksi b. Produksi c. Pasca Produksi 10. Ujicoba 11. Revisi 12. Preview 13. Penggandaan 14. Pemanfaatan

21. Alur Proses Produksi Program Ide/Gagasan Outline/GBIP Treatment Naskah/ Skenario Storyboard Script Conference Hunting Production Meeting Technical Meeting Rehearsal/ latihan Shootig/ Rekaman Editing/ Manipulating Preview Finalisasi/ Packaging Siaran/ Pemanfaatan PraproduksiProduksiPascaproduksi