2. MEASUREMENT Units of Measurement

3. Types of Data Data refers to information Qualitative Data Describes something Texture, Color, etc Quantitative Data Measures Something Length, Mass, Time, etc

4. Determine if each of the following is a qualitative or quantitative measurement. A.The sandwich has ham in it. B.There are four eggs in the carton. C.I used 230 grams of NaOH. D.I added water to the solution.

5. Measurement A quantity with both a NUMBER and a UNIT Provides a reference point NO NAKED NUMBERS!

6. Number vs. Quantity Quantity = number + unit

7. Measurements Accuracy How close a measurement comes to the accepted answer Precision How close a series of measurements are to each other. How specific an measurement is 10 vs. 10.01 vs. 10.007

8. Let’s use a golf analogy

9. Accurate?No Precise?Yes

10. Accurate?Yes Precise?Yes

11. Precise?No Accurate?No

12. Accurate?Yes Precise?We can’t say!

13. Accurate? Precise?

16. Error Accepted value – The right answer Based on reliable references Also called Theoretical Yield Experimental Value- what you get in lab Also called Actual Yield

17. Measurements Determining Error How far your measurement is from the accepted value.

18. Percent Error

19. International System of Measurements MeasurementSI Base UnitSymbol LengthMeter m MassKilogram kg TemperatureKelvin K TimeSecond s AmountMole mol Light IntensityCandela cd Electric CurrentAmpere A

20. mega-M10 6 deci-d10 -1 centi-c10 -2 milli-m10 -3 PrefixSymbolFactor micro-  10 -6 nano-n10 -9 pico-p10 -12 kilo-k10 3 BASE UNIT---10 0

24. Significant Figures or Digits Significant Figures (sig figs) are all digits which show where an actual measurement is made; the more sig figs, the better the measurement: 0.5 m (1 sig fig) 0.50 m (2 sig figs) 0.500 m (3 sig figs) 0.500 m was measured with a more accurate ruler

25. Counting Sig Figs Which digits are significant? 1.All non-zeroes are significant 2.A final zero after a decimal point is significant 3.All zeroes between sig figs are significant 4.Zeroes that are place holders are not significant and do not go into scientific notation

26. How many sig figs in the following measurements? 1.770 mL 2.0.0700 mL 3.7070 mL 4.0.007 mL 5.7.00 x 10 3 mL 6.7000 mL 7.70.070 mL 8.77.0 mL 1.2 2.3 3.3 4.1 5.3 6.1 7.5 8.3

27. Math with Sig Figs Addition & Subtraction The answer must be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the fewest decimal places (worst measurement). 527.38 m + 21.2 m 548.58 m  548.6 m

28. Math with Sig Figs Multiplication & Division The answer must be rounded to the same number of sig figs as the measurement with the fewest sig figs (worst measurement). 527.38 m (5) x 21.2 m (3) 11180.456 m 2  11200 m 2 (3)

29. Scientific Rounding Rules 1. If the digit to be rounded is followed by 0,1,2,3, or 4 – do not round the digit / leave digit alone 2. If the digit to be rounded is followed by 6,7,8, or 9 – round up the digit 3. If the digit to be rounded is followed by a 5 with any digits of value anywhere behind the 5 – round up the digit 4. If the digit to be rounded is followed by only a 5 or a 5 with no numbers of value behind the 5 – odd digits round up and even digits are left alone

30. Round the following measurements to 2 sig figs: 1.32980 g 2.0.07810 m 3.355 mL 4.345 mL 5.798 o C 6.5.92 x 10 24 atoms 7.1450.01 km 1.33000 g 2.0.078 m 3.360 mL 4.340 mL 5.8.0 x 10 2 o C 6.5.9 x 10 24 atoms 7.1500 km