1. Beginnings of Civil Rights Efforts

2. Civil Rights 1783 1808 1820 1833 1850 1857 1863 1865 1866 1868 1870 1875 1883 1896 1909 1925 1941 1948 1952 1954

3. Civil Rights 1783 State of Massachusetts outlaws slavery within its borders

4. 1808 Importation of slaves banned, but the illegal slave trade continues

5. 1820 American Colonization Society sends 86 free blacks to Sierra Leone. It was a British Colony and this marked the first immigration of blacks away from America.

6. 1820 Missouri Compromise: Slavery ok in Missouri, but not west of Mississippi River or north of Missouri’s southern border. Allows slavery to continue in the US

7. 1831 Nat Turner’s Rebellion- Virginia 57 Whites killed 100 slaves killed by U.S. troops Turner caught, put on trial, hanged

8. 1833 Oberlin College- Oberlin, Ohio 1 st College to establish itself as co- educational 1 st to admit blacks on equal basis with whites Part of the Underground Railroad

9. 1833

10. 1850 Added California to the Union as a free state Strengthened Fugitive Slave Laws Ended slave trade in Washington, D.C.

12. 1857 Supreme Court ruled that slaves do not become free when they enter a free state. Congress cannot bar slavery from a territory Blacks are not/cannot become citizens Dred Scott v. Sandford

13. 1861 Confederate States of America is formed Civil War begins

14. 1863 Emancipation Proclamation: freed “all slaves in areas still in rebellion”

15. 1865 Civil War Ends Union Wins 13 th Amendment Abolishes Slavery

16. 1866 Ku Klux Klan is formed Congress now in charge of Reconstruction

17. 1867 Efforts are passed by Congress over presidential vetoes. No I won’t sign that! I will not encourage suffrage for African Americans!

18. 1868 14 th Amendment gave citizenship to former slaves

19. 1870 15 th Amendment: cannot discriminate based on race to vote

20. 1875 Civil Rights Act of 1875: Granted equal rights in public accommodations and jury duty.

21. 1877 Henry O. Flipper: 1 st black graduate of West Point Military Academy

22. 1883 Civil Rights Act of 1875

23. 1896 Supreme Court supports the “separate but equal doctrine.” Plessy v Ferguson

24. 1906 Race riots in Atlanta 21 people killed City placed under martial law Hoke Smith inflamed racial tensions by pushing for disenfranchisement of blacks.

25. 1909 Formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

26. 1925 KKK march on Washington - Resurgence in power

27. 1941 WWII- war contractors barred from racial discrimination Riots in Detroit and Harlem

28. 1948 President Truman issues Executive Order 9981 to end segregation in U.S. military

29. 1952 Racial and ethnic barriers to naturalization removed by Immigration and Naturalization Act.