1. UG: What were the purposes of the Declaration of Independence?

2. COMMON SENSE Thomas Paine—
Argument for independence from British rule at a time when the question of independence was still undecided
                      

3. COMMON SENSE Thomas Paine in Jan. 1776…..
Came to America in 1774 from England and got caught up in the Revolutionary Spirit
King George was a tyrant and declaring independence from Great Britain was our only choice.
                      

4. Reconciliation and ruin are nearly related…. TIS TIME TO PART
COMMON SENSE
In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense……The sun never shined on a cause of greater worth….
                      
…Everything that is right or natural pleads for separation…”TIS TIME TO PART”…
…The king has shown himself an enemy to liberty and discovered a thirst for arbitrary power.
Reconciliation and ruin are nearly related…. TIS TIME TO PART

5. Thomas Jefferson

6. Plantation owner from Virginia Eventually the 3rd President
Social contract
THOMAS JEFFERSON
Plantation owner from Virginia
Eventually the 3rd President
Owned slaves (hanky panky)
Representative to the 2nd Continental Congress from Virginia
Father of the Declaration of Independence.

7. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
1.New theory of government (democracy---people rule)
2. Grievances (27) listed against King George
3.Declaration of War
Become a separate Nation

8. 27 grievances
He has plundered our Seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our People.
He has erected a Multitude of New Offices, and sent hither Swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.
For cutting off our Trade with all Parts of the World.
For quartering large Bodies of Armed Troops among us.
For imposing Taxes on us without our consent.

9. George Washington

10. CONTINENTAL ARMY
First US Army made up of volunteers, militias and Minutemen.
George Washington chosen as the first Commanding General.
Not an army of professionals but mostly farmers.
Lacked the discipline of a professional army at first….
Lacked resources, men weren’t paid and some quit after the first few battles.
2nd Continental Congress lacked $$$$ to supply army…

11. British vs. United States
Population
Manufacturing
Money
Army
Leaders
Geography
Navy
Will to Fight
Approximately 12 million
Highly developed
Richest country in the world
Large, well trained army plus Hessians
Few officers capable of leading
Strange land---difficult to re-supply troops
Naval world power
Trained soldiers---but no heart
Approximately 3 million and 1/3 loyal to England.
Practically none
No $$$ to support the war
Volunteers, poorly equipped
Dedicated officers plus foreign leaders
Familiar land, easy access to supplies
No navy
Defending homeland---will to fight

12. Attrition: Wear down the British
MILITARY STRATEGIES
The Americans
Attrition: Wear down the British
Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war  you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]
Alliances: make with one of Britain’s enemies.

13. Break the colonies in half.
MILITARY STRATEGIES
The British
Break the colonies in half.
Blockade ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.
“Divide and Conquer”  use the Loyalists.

14. British War Plans: Phase I: The Northern Campaign [1775-1776]
Phase II: NY & PA [ ]
Phase III: The Southern Strategy [ ]

15. Battle of Saratoga

16. Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War

17. BATTLE OF SARATOGA 1778 IMPORTANCE:
Leads to a military alliance with France.
They provide
Soldiers
Naval fleet
$$$$$.

18. Battle of Yorktown

19. The Battle of Yorktown (1781)
Count de Rochambeau
Admiral De Grasse

20. General Washington learned through Spies!
Map-yorktown
Battle of Yorktown
The British General wanted to rest for the winter n the South believing the war would be won in the Spring…..
Yorktown was chosen because it provided easy Ocean access to be reinforced and re-supplied
General Washington learned through Spies!

21. Using the French navy, a blockade surrounds the British.
Battle of Yorktown
Using the French navy, a blockade surrounds the British.
They Run out of Supplies!

22. Battle of Yorktown
15,000 American and French troops surrounded 8,000 British troops on land.
The British are trapped forced to his surrender his troops to Washington
Brings war to an end

24. Cornwallis’ Surrender at YorktowN
“The World Turned Upside Down!”
Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

25. Why did the British Lose???
Couldn’t Win on the Road
Overconfidence
Little Communication
US had more will to fight
C’s Alliances with France.

26. United States after the Revolutionary War
Treaty of Paris, 1783
Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States
US acquired land from the Great Lakes to Florida and Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River.
British were to remove troops and forts from US Land.
USA
United States after the Revolutionary War
British Forts