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Politics of the Third World
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Third World countries
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5 most important issues facing the Third World today poverty
developing countries globalization weak state ethnicity environment
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Why study the Third World?
Interdependence and globalization most of the world population area most of the natural resources raw materials and energy resources Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
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Why study the Third World?
Western role in creating and sustaining some of the problems in the Third World
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Why study the Third World?
We ignore the Third World at our peril
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Millennium Development Goals
In 2000 the UN Millennium Declaration was adopted at the largest-ever gathering of heads of state
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Millennium Development Goals
eradicate extreme poverty and hunger achieve universal primary education promote gender equality reduce child mortality improve maternal health combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, etc. ensure environmental sustainability global partnership for development
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Poverty & economic growth
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Poverty & economic growth
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Imperialism & Third World
European colonial expansion for 300 years most colonies are independent after WWII
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political legacies traditional polity and “modern” state
state boundaries drawn to suit colonizers
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economic legacies “dependency” theory foreign trade structure
“core” vs. “periphery” foreign trade structure
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Types of state strong states weak states failed states
multi-party democracies single-party regimes military regimes personal dictatorships failed states
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Levels of democracy The “third wave of democratization”
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State & economic development
weaknesses in physical and human infrastructure political instability harms investment and consumption political allocation of scarce resources weak and ineffective state institutions to implement economic policies widespread corruption
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International financial institution
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank headquarters in Washington D.C. voting weight proportional to fund contribution IMF loans are subject to conditionality acceptance of structural adjustment (liberalization) privatization reduce inflation cut debt
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World Trade Organization
lower tariffs and ease other trade barriers
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Foreign aid
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