1. Writing an action research report
Chapter 9
Action Research: Improving Schools and Empowering Educators (4/e)
Craig A. Mertler SAGE Publications, 2014

2. Conventions of Academic Writing
When writing an action research report, follow style guide
Instructional manual providing authors with requirements for stylistic matter
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA Manual)
Conventions of academic-style writing
Agreed-on procedures that help ensure readability and credibility of written research reports
Titles
Initial screening mechanism for those considering reading your work
Should clearly indicate what the study, report are about
Grab your readers’ attention

3. Conventions of Academic Writing
Person and voice
Written as objectively as possible
Typically use third-person pronouns (appears less subjective)
Qualitative research is exception to this rule
Active voice is more appropriate than passive voice
Tense
Typically written in past tense (study has already been conducted)
Some sections (description of current situation or problem; recommendations) written in present tense
Tentative vs. definitive statements
State definitively—methodological aspects of study; results
State tentatively—conclusions; implications

4. Conventions of Academic Writing
Clarity
Crucial aspect—should be written clearly enough for another person to read and to duplicate methodological steps
Use few words, simple terminology (when feasible)
Organize report in logical format; use headings and subheadings
Consistency
Be consistent throughout; use same acronyms, abbreviations, formatting
Simplicity of language
Reports should be written in simple, straightforward style
Avoid overuse of adjectives, adverbs
Keep your message short and simple

5. Conventions of Academic Writing
Conventions of format
Generic outline for research reports:
Introduction
Review of related literature
Methodology
Results
Conclusions and recommendations
References
Length of entire report will differ with purpose (e.g., thesis, journal article, conference presentation)

6. Conventions of Academic Writing
Conventions of format
Sections of action research reports may not be labeled as such; may look more like the following:
Introduction
Review of related literature/information
Description of innovation/intervention
Data collection
Data analysis and interpretation
Conclusions
Reflection and action plan

7. Ethics and writing
When writing, should strive to protect rights and welfare of research participants (APA)
Ensure data and results are not falsified or fabricated
Protect confidentiality
Limit descriptions
Remove explanations of non-essential characteristics
Use pseudonyms
Avoid bias
“Gender” versus “sex”
Avoid labels as nouns
Use person-first language

8. Guidelines for Writing
Practical guidelines for writing
Establish a writing routine
Try to write at the same time every day
Write as if you are talking to a friend
Begin with an outline and organize your thoughts accordingly
Don’t worry (initially) about spelling, grammar, or how report reads
Writing a first draft is the first step in the writing process
Develop a realistic writing schedule and timeline

9. Action research checklist 9
Action Research Checklist 9: Writing an Action Research Report ☐ Develop a plan for writing a report of your action research study. ☐ Identify your intended audience (e.g., other educators, administrators, school board members, etc.). ☐ Identify a possible outlet for your report (e.g., journal, newsletter, etc.). ☐ Develop an outline of the major headings and subheadings of your report. ☐ Establish a writing routine that works for you; try to “carve out” some common time each day to write. ☐ Once you’ve done this, develop a writing schedule, or timeline, to keep you focused on achieving your goal of a complete action research report. ☐ Remember to write in somewhat of a conversational style, as if you are talking to a friend or colleague. ☐ As you write, focus on simply filling in the sections of your original outline. ☐ Find someone to serve as an editor or proofreader who can give you honest feedback on your writing. ☐ Revise your report, as appropriate. ☐ Submit your manuscript for possible publication!