1. Jan. 2005
Project: IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [THALES UWB Impulse Radio System ]
Date Submitted: [January 3rd, 2005]
Source: [(1) Serge HETHUIN, Isabelle BUCAILLE, Arnaud TONNERRE, Fabrice LEGRAND,
(2) Dr. Jurianto JOE]
Company [(1) THALES Communications France, (2) CELLONICS]
Address [(1) 146 Boulevard de VALMY, Colombes FRANCE
(2) 20 Science Park Road SINGAPORE]
Voice:[(1) : +33 (0) , (2) : (65) ]
[(1) : (2) : ]
Re: [Response to Call for Proposals]
Abstract: [This document proposes THALES Communications’s PHY proposal for the IEEE alternate PHY standard]
Purpose: [Proposal for the IEEE a standard]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P
THALES Communications

2. THALES Communications, CELLONICS Proposal for IEEE 802.15.4a
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
THALES Communications, CELLONICS Proposal for IEEE a
UWB Impulse Radio
Serge HETHUIN (THALES Communications)
Dr. Jurianto JOE (CELLONICS)
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

3. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
Contents
UWB IR proposal
System description
Location Awareness
Conclusion
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

4. UWB Impulse Radio System (UWB IR)
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
UWB Impulse Radio System (UWB IR)
T = 40 ns, PRF = 25 MHz max
time
Demo-
dulator
Receiver
DATA
Transmitter
Pulse Generator
FPGA
Modu-lator PA
LNA BB
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

5. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
UWB Pulse and Spectrum
Objective:
Impulse Pulse with
500MHz BW
Example:
4ns Gaussian Pulse
1st Frequency Center
= 3.35GHz
10dB BW= 500MHz
Tx Power (average)
= dBm
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

6. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
UWB IR main features
Low Power Consumption:
Very Simple Architecture
One Bit ADC (for the simplest version)
Low Cost:
CMOS Implementation
500MHz BW leading to many economic implementations
High Location Accuracy:
Narrow Pulse (4ns)  ~75cm in 70m region (AWGN)
Scalability:
by using :
compression gain (coded sequence)
different PRFs
 350kbps @70m, … , 25Mbps @10m
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

7. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
System Description
Parameters of the PHY layer
Topologies and access protocol
Solution maturity
Options and eventual extensions
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

8. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
PHY layer: Parameters
4ns Gaussian Pulse
Data Rate depends on:
 compression gain (~ Spread Factor)
 PRF
Data Rate
PRF (MHz)
Modulation
Compression gain
(Spread Factor)
Pulses / bit
25 Mbps 25
OOK 1
396 kbps 63
2.5 Mbps
2.5
357 kbps 7
166 kbps 15
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

9. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
PHY layer: Link Budget
Parameters
Value
350kbps 70m
25Mbps 10m
Units
Center Frequency
3350
MHz
Transmit Power
(4ns Gaussian Pulse)
-14.3
dBm
PRF
2.5 25
Spread Factor 7 1
Data Rate
357
25000
kbps
Path Loss at 1m 44 dB
Distance 70 10 m
Decay coefficient
2.0 　-
Additional Path Loss at 70m,10m
37.0
20.0
Implementation Loss
Antenna gain
0.0
dBi
Required
10.0
Noise Power Density
-174
Receiver Total NF
7.0
Margin
4.9
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

10. PHY layer: Transceiver architecture
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
PHY layer: Transceiver architecture PG
Non-coherent detector
Spreading & Modulation
Digital Block
Matched Filter
Signal
Acquisition
Tracking
Ranging
Etc.
<100kgates
1-bit ADC
Data
MAC
Digital PHY
LNA
BB amp
BPF
Transmitter
Receiver
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

11. PHY layer: Modulation & Spreading
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
PHY layer: Modulation & Spreading
Specifications
RF Frequency
3350±250MHz (10dB BW)
Modulation
OOK
Spreading
Coded Sequence
Kasami (15, 63) and Gold (7)
Despreading
Digital Matched Filter
PRF
25MHz, 2.5MHz
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

12. PHY layer: Synchronization
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
PHY layer: Synchronization
Synchronization:
Pulse Edge detection
+ Sequence Correlation using Digital Matched Filter
Code
Correlator
Data
Digital Domain
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

13. Topologies and access protocol
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
Topologies and access protocol
Coordinator
Anchor node
FFD (Full Function Device)
RFD (Reduced Function Device)
PAN
Coordinator
Code 1
Code 2
Code 3
Multiple Access:
CDMA (inter-piconet)
(intra-piconet)
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

14. Topologies and localization
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
Topologies and localization
Coordinator
Anchor node
FFD (Full Function Device)
RFD (Reduced Function Device)
PAN
Coordinator
Code 1
Code 2
Code 3
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

15. Inter-Piconet Multiple Access
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
Inter-Piconet Multiple Access
CDMA Inter-Piconet with one sequence / Piconet
Intercorrelation between
sequences 1 and 2
KASAMI 1
sequence
KASAMI 2
sequence
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

16. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
Frame format
Bytes: 2 1
0/4/8 n 2
MAC
Sublayer
Frame
Control
Data Payload
Seq. #
Address
CRC
Bytes: 4 1 1
PHY
Layer
Frame
Length
Preamble
SFD
MPDU
PPDU
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

17. Technical Feasibility and Maturity
Jan. 2005
Technical Feasibility and Maturity
4 ns
2-component
UWB IR Generator
FPGA
DATA
TRANSMITTER
THALES Communications

18. Technical Feasibility and Maturity
Jan. 2005
Technical Feasibility and Maturity
Square-law
Detector
DATA
FPGA
RECEIVER
THALES Communications

19. Prototypes characterization with a Test Bed
Jan. 2005
Prototypes characterization with a Test Bed
Communication Analyzer:
Generates PN Sequence Binary data to feed into FPGA TX.
FPGA TX:
Encodes the binary data into OOK BB pulse and feeds it into the UWB Pulse Generator.
Variable Attenuator:
Allows S/N to be varied.
UWB receiver:
Converts the UWB signal to OOK BB pulse and feeds into FPGA RX.
FPGA RX:
Decodes the pulses into binary data and feeds them back to the communication analyzer.
Communication analyzer:
Internally compares the recovered sequence with the generated sequence and provides the BER on screen.
PN Sequence
Binary Data
Communication Analyzer
OOK BB
Pulses
Variable
Attenuator
Recovered
FPGA RX
FPGA TX
THALES Communications

20. Results of transceivers testing
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
Results of transceivers testing
Consumption:
 Tx=15 mA, Rx= 25 mA
 Comparable to Tx and Rx power consumption in
Data rate and range:
25 Mbps : 15m RF power=-14dBm)
250 kbps : >150m
High Location Accuracy:
75cm with a range up to 70m
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

21. Options and eventual extensions
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
Options and eventual extensions
Multipath study:
 On-going study (results in March 2005)
Modulation improvements:
DBPSK in complement of OOK
Localization improvements:
Processing to deal with Indoor environments (buildings, underground park, …)
Multiband extension (MBSC):
Additional feature to discriminate the different piconets
Additional capability for data rate increase
Additional function to mitigate propagation problems
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

22. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
Location Awareness
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

23. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
Location Awareness
Multilateration for Location Awareness:
Two modes with at least 3 known-position nodes
Two-way ranging method
(Round Trip Time measurement based)
One-way ranging method with one additional node for synchronization
(TOA based)
High Location Accuracy:
AWGN: cm @ 70m Range
RFD
FFD
(Anchor)
(Anchors)
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

24. Mode 1: Two-Way Ranging method (TWR)
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
Mode 1: Two-Way Ranging method (TWR)
Advantages
 Each measurement can be done sequentially
 Possible extension to the case without anchors
Synchronization
 No need of fine Sync.
Accuracy
Error is the combination of the detection in the two nodes
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

25. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
TWR System Deployment
No need of Synchronization by a node
Asynchronous Anchors
Node
Processing station & Data Base
Control station
Anchor 3
Anchor 1
Anchor 2
RTT(d1)
RTT (d2)
RTT (d3)
Wireless/Wired Network
Distance d1 d2 d3
Calculation of the Node Location based on the RTTs and the Reference Locations
System Configuration for 2D location measurements
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

26. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
TWR Based Measurement
Interrogation from anchor 1
Answer received in anchor 1
Answer from anchor 1
RTT(d1) information sent to the server
Anchor 1
Node to be located
RTT(d1)
time
RTT(d2) information sent to the server
Anchor 2
Node to be located
RTT(d2)
RTT(d3) information sent to the server
time
Anchor 3
Node to be located
RTT(d3)
time
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

27. Mode 2: One-Way Ranging method (OWR)
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
Mode 2: One-Way Ranging method (OWR)
Advantages
 Can relax the RFD specifications
Synchronization
 More touchy than using RTT/TWR
Accuracy
 Accuracy depends only on the clock of the FFD
Transmit Only
 No need of detection in the node to be located
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

28. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
OWR System Deployment
Synchronization by a node
TOA : t0+t1
Time of Arrival: t1 t2 t3
Synchronization
station
Node
Processing station & Data Base
Control station
Anchor 3
Anchor 1
Anchor 2
Wireless/Wired Network
Calculation of the Node Location based on the TOAs and the Reference Locations
TOA : t0+t2
TOA : t0+t3
System Configuration for 2D location measurements
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

29. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
TOA Based Measuring
Synchronization by a node t0
time
Node to be located
Anchor 3
Signal sent by the node to be located
Anchor 1
Anchor 2
t0+t2
t0+t1
t0+t3 t1 t2 t3
TOA(t0+t1) information sent to the server
TOA(t0+t2) information sent to the server
TOA(t0+t3) information sent to the server
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

30. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
On-going tasks
Multipath study:
Localization experiments:
In free space, rural and urban environments
Comparison with MATLAB simulations
Coherent receivers:
Comparison in complexity with non-coherent receivers
Comparison in cost with non-coherent receivers
Miniaturization aspect:
Integration of the solution
Final power-consumption
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>

31. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
Jan. 2005
Conclusion
THALES UWB IR main features:
fc=3.35, 3.85, … GHz, BW=500MHz
4ns Gaussian Pulse with PRF of 25MHz/2.5MHz
OOK modulation
 Very low complexity, Very low cost (radio with a few components)
 Scalable (25Mbps at 10m, …, 350kbps at 70m, …)
Location Awareness:
Two possible modes: TWR or OWR
75cm in 70m region (AWGN)
THALES Communications
<author>, <company>