1. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 1 Project:IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) 15-07-0778-00-0ban Submission Title: FM-UWB: A Low Complexity Constant Envelope LDR UWB Communication System Date Submitted: 16 July, 2007 Source: John F.M. Gerrits CSEM Systems Engineering Jaquet Droz 1, CH2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland Voice: +41 32 720 56 52, FAX: +41 32 720 57 20, E-Mail: john.gerrits@csem.ch Re:This document is CSEM’s response to the Call For Application from the IEEE P802.15 Interest Group on BAN. Abstract:This document presents FM-UWB: a constant envelope LDR UWB air interface for short range BAN applications. Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 2 FM-UWB: A Low Complexity Constant Envelope LDR UWB Communication System John F.M. Gerrits & John R. Farserotu Wireless Communication Department CSEM Systems Engineering Switzerland http://www.csem.ch http://www.fmuwb.ch

3. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 3 Presentation Outline Definition of and Applications for UWB Principles and Performance of FM-UWB Conclusions Aalborg University ACORDE CEA-LETI Lund University

4. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 4 Definition of UWB Bandwidth > 500 MHz for operation above 3.1 GHz No particular air interface or modulation scheme specified Signal needs to comply with the local spectral mask Over time, UWB has become less and less wideband..

5. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 5 Potential for UWB High Data Rate MBOFDM 480 Mbps Robust MDR, Localization/tracking Impulse Radio 1-10 Mbps Very Robust LDR FM < 250 kbps Very promising Business Potential. [http://www.techworld.com/mobility/]

6. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 6 The low radiated power of a UWB transmitter in principle may also yield low power consumption. May yield, since power may be required to meet, e.g., phase noise specifications or to perform baseband processing. Usually, the receiver requires more power than the transmitter (LNA gain, filtering, dynamic range) A MB OFDM transceiver will never be the champion of the low power contest. Low power consumption potential of UWB

7. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 7 Short range (1-10m) Wireless Sensor Networks for monitoring and control: Applications: Health monitoring BAN Home automation Security and alarms Requirements : Low cost, low power systems (  W - mWs) Portable (go anywhere) Robust and reliable Good coexistence with other RF systems Fast access (short synchronization time) Low-complexity UWB applications [IMEC] BAN

8. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 8 Robust constant–envelope UWB: analog spread-spectrum FM-UWB is an analog implementation of a spread-spectrum system: Spreading in transmitter by analog wideband FM (  = 500) Despreading in receiver wideband FM demodulator, yielding bandwidth reduction from 500 MHz to 200 kHz

9. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 9 FM-UWB features True Low-Compexity and Robustness to interference and multipath - Relaxed hardware specs (phase noise) > very low power potential - No carrier synchronization but instantaneous despreading - CSMA techniques may enhance performance - Antennas are not critical - Steep spectral roll-off

10. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 10 Sub carrier Analog spreading in transmitter spreading BW: 50 kHz 200 kHz >500 MHz freq: baseband 1 -2 MHz 4.5 & 6-9 GHz modulation FSKFM RF Data An analog FM signal can have any bandwidth independent of modulation frequency or bit rate. This is analog spread spectrum, i.e., multiple (  ) copies of the FSK subcarrier signal.

11. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 11 Data, subcarrier and FM-UWB signal in time domain RF Subcarrier Data

12. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 12 Direct Digital Synthesis subcarrier generation f SUB = 1 MHz  f SUB = 50 kHz No look-up tabe is required for the generation of a triangular waveform Data pre-filtering lowers subcarrier sidelobes to an acceptable level.

13. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 13 Relaxed phase noise requirements A Low-Power Ring Oscillator can do the job: Unmodulated at 4.5 GHz FM-UWB with  f = 250 MHz

14. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 14 FM-UWB spectrum and Regulations FM-UWB fits everywhere; even in the European 4.2 – 4.8 and 6 – 9 GHz spectrum. FM roll-off TX phase noise TX white noise

15. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 15 Instantaneous despreading in the receiver instantaneous despreading BW: >500 MHz 200 kHz 50 kHz freq: 4.5 & 6-9 GHz 1 -2 MHz baseband FSK demodulation RF Subcarrier Data G PdB = 34 dB @ 100 kbps G PdB = 44 dB @ 10 kbps 1 250 MHz

16. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 16 Receiver processing gain G PdB = 34 dB @ R = 100 kbps G PdB = 44 dB @ R = 10 kbps 1 250 MHz Only noise/interference in the subcarrier banwidth is taken into account. This bandwidth reduction after the wideband FM demodulator yields real processing gain: Processing gain increases for lower bit rates:

17. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 17 Wideband FM demodulator FM>PM Phase det. [ECWT 2006]

18. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 18 Multiple RF and subcarrier signals in receiver At receiver input: 3 - 5 GHz (no multipath) After FM demod: FSK subcarriers: 1 – 2 MHz

19. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 19 Receiver synchronization time Due to the instantaneous despreading, only bit synchronization is required like in a narrowband FSK system!

20. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 20 Multiple-access techniques Multiple users can be accommodated in a number of ways: IEEE 802.15.4 MAC (TDMA) for standard applications RF FDMA, highest for QOS (no multiple-access interference) Sub-carrier FDMA (“MAC-less”) for ultra low power applications Proprietary MAC (TDMA) for sensor networks, e.g., WISENET

21. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 21 RF FDMA techniques Multiple users use different RF and sub-carrier frequencies Highest QOS, since no multiple-access interference occurs (no spectral overlap)

22. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 22 Subcarrier FDMA techniques Multiple users can share the same RF center frequency And distinguish themselves using different subcarrier frequencies Subcarrier filtering, multiple-access interference and phase noise determine the performance limits.

23. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 23 Some figures on FM-UWB robustness 1 Impulse Radio interference with SIR = -14 dB yields BER = 10 -3 MBOFDM interference with SIR = -15 dB yields BER = 10 -3 FM-UWB performs very well in frequency-selective channels as we will illustrate shortly. 1 values mentioned are for a 100 kbps system

24. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 24 Channel impulse response (time domain) Performance with frequency-selective fading Channel transfer function (frequency domain) CM4 CM1

25. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 25 FM-UWB performs better with strong multipath CM1 1000 channel realizations CM4

26. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 26 good flat bad Good, flat and bad channels

27. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 27 Statistics with various channels CHANNELMINMAXAVGMEDIA N CM1-3.6+2.1-0.05+0.10 CM2-2.9+2.0-0.01+0.01 CM3-3.0+1.9-0.03+0.04 CM4-2.4+1,6-0.02+0.02 Variations in RF sensitivity [dB] based upon 1000 channel realizations [More at ICUWB2007]

28. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 28 Conclusions FM-UWB is a Low-Complexity LDR UWB radio for BAN Applications: Constant-envelope: low-voltage, low power Analog spread-spectrum with instantaneous despreading RX synchronization time only bit-sync. limited Robustness to interference and multipath Simple radio architecture

29. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 29

30. doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0xxx-00-0ban Submission July, 2007 John F.M. Gerrits / John R. Farserotu, CSEMSlide 30