1. TEKNOLOGI PENGENDALIAN EMISI
( 2 SKS)
Jurusan Teknik Sistem Perkapalan
ITS Surabaya

2. IMO Regulation (MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI)
International Maritime Organization (IMO) is an agency of the United Nations which has been formed to promote maritime safety. It was formally established by an international conference in Geneva in 1948, and became active in 1958 when the IMO Convention entered into force (the original name was the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, or IMCO, but the name was changed in 1982 to IMO)
IMO ship pollution rules are contained in the “International Convention on the Prevention of Pollution from Ships”, known as MARPOL 73/78. On 27 September 1997, the MARPOL Convention has been amended by the “1997 Protocol”, which includes Annex VI titled “Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships”. MARPOL Annex VI sets limits on NOx and sulfur oxide emissions from ship exhausts, and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances.

4. Specifications of MAN B&W S60MC types
Cylinder No. 4 5 6 7 8
Nominal MCR at
105 RPM
8160 kW
10200 kW
12240 kW
14280 kW
16320 kW
Total length
6.90 m
8.00 m
9.00 m
10.10 m
11.20 m
Total height
11.25 m
11.55 m
12.05 m
12.25 m
12.55 m
Total width
8.10 m
8.60 m
Exhaust gas Flow
77300 kg/h
96600 kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
kg/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
NOx*
1500 ppm
SOx*
600 ppm
PM*
0.12 g/m3
1.61 g/kWh

5. Conversion Factor

6. Tier Date NOx Limit, g/kWh
Tier I
2000
17.0
45 x n-0.2
9.8
Tier II
2011
14.4
44 x n-0.23
7.7
Tier III
2016*
3.4
9 x n-0.2
1.96
*In NOx Emission Control Areas (Tier II standards apply outside ECAs)

7. Ships must fit an exhaust gas cleaning system or use any other technological method to limit SOx emissions to ≤ 6 g/kWh (as SO2 mass).
Baltic Sea
North Sea

8. Regulation
To control the emissions from marine diesel engine, some regulations were issued. Such as IMO regulation, Marpol 73/78 annex VI. The regulation does not yet present emission standard of diesel PM. Although, some national regulations were issued PM emission standard for marine diesel engines, such as US Environmental Protection Agency that regulate PM emission standard in range from 0.2 to 0.8 g/kWh that depend on engine category and engine cylinder displacement

10. PM Emission Regulation
0.6
1990
1988
PM ( g/bhp-hr )
0.4
1991
Challenge
0.2
2007
0.2
0.01
2004
1998
1994 2 4 6 8 10
NOx ( g/bhp-hr )

11. 2. Combustion Modification
Reduction Methods
Primary Methods
1. Fuel Substitution
(High grade fuel, water emulsion, water injection)
2. Combustion Modification
(Injection timing retard, modified injector, Miller system, EGR)
Secondary Methods
SCR
Seawater Scrubber
etc.
Some methods were developed to reduce the emissions. Such as substitute the fuel, modify the combustion and treat the exhaust gas.

12. SOx
Sulpur Oxide

15. S O HC CH H R Sulphur Fuel thiophene mercaptanes sulphides bisulphides
thiopyrone
Sulphur Fuel

18. Spesifikasi Bahan Bakar
MDO
Marine Diesel Oil
HFO
Heavy Fuel Oil
Berat jenis (kg/m3)
865.8
970.1
Kekentalan (cst pada 50oC)
2.661
123.2
Titik nyala (oC) 65
100.0
Titik tuang (oC)
-22.5
-12.5
Carbon Residu (%mass)
0.46
11.63
Ash (%mass)
<0.001
0.03
Belerang (%mass)
0.102
2.17
Nilai kalor (MJ/kg) 40 42

46. LIFAC : Limestones Injection into the Furnace and Activation of unreacted Calcium