1. Bloodborne Pathogens In the School Setting Julie A. Strunk, RN BSN

2. Why do we need to do this each year?
OSHA requires annual training for employees who are at occupational risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens
The purpose of the regulation is to protect employees against exposure to bloodborne pathogens which could lead to disease or death

3. Bloodborne Pathogens Definition
Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms (such as viruses) transmitted through blood, or other potentially infectious material such as certain bodily fluids (semen, breast milk, etc.) or tissues.

4. Bloodborne Pathogens
Body fluids, especially those visibly contaminated with blood, are capable of causing disease.
Pathogens can enter your body through a cut or break in the skin, through your eyes or mucus membranes.
Can also be transmitted sexually
Main diseases of concern are Hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV (AIDS virus)

5. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV attacks your body’s ability to protect itself against disease
Initially there are no visible signs of having the virus
Most people with HIV develop AIDS
There is no vaccination for HIV

6. HIV The HIV Virus can live outside of the body for only a few hours
10-50 virus particles per ml of blood
There are 4 modes of transfer:
Blood
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Breast milk

7. Hepatitis: Inflammation of the Liver
Types of Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis A (HAV) fecal / oral
Hepatitis B (HBV) bloodborne
Hepatitis C (HCV) bloodborne

8. Hepatitis B and C Up to 100 times easier to catch than HIV
Unlike HIV, the Hepatitis virus can live outside of the body for several days
1,000,000 – 1,000,000,000 virus particles per ml of blood

9. Concentration of Hepatitis B Virus in Various Body Fluids
Low/Not
___High Moderate Detectable_
Blood Semen Urine
Serum Vaginal Fluid Feces
Wound exudates Saliva Tears
Breast milk

10. HIV vs. Hepatitis B

11. Reasons Not To Receive the Hepatitis B Vaccine
Previous infection with HBV
Yeast sensitivity
Thimerosal sensitivity
Pregnancy
Immunosuppressive therapy

12. Hepatitis C
3-4 million carriers, most common bloodborne infection in US
Disease can incubate for decades and most people have no symptoms
By 2010 may affect more Americans each year than AIDS
HCV is not related to the viruses that cause Hepatitis A or B
No Vaccine or effective post-exposure prophylaxis
85% develop chronic infection
Leading indication for liver transplants

13. Sources of Infection for persons with Hepatitis C

14. The “OTHER” sources of infection
Hepatitis C
The “OTHER” sources of infection
Contact with infectious body fluids to broken skin
Contact with infectious body fluids to mucous membranes
Puncture wounds with used needles

15. Symptoms of Hepatitis B or C
Flu-like symptoms
Fatigue
Jaundice
Severe pain in joints
Lung disease
Inflammation of the liver
Inflammation on and ulcers of the colon
May be asymptomatic (no symptoms)

16. There is no cure for Hepatitis B or C There is a vaccine for Hepatitis B

17. How are Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Job?
By a sharp object that is contaminated by the virus when it cuts or punctures the skin
When a contaminated object touches inflamed skin, acne, skin abrasions
When a contaminated surface is touched, then eyes, nose, mouth, open wounds or inflamed skin is touched

18. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
How to Reduce Your Risk
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
"Universal precautions," as defined by CDC, are a set of precautions designed to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and other bloodborne pathogens when providing first aid or health care. Under universal precautions, blood and certain body fluids of all patients are considered potentially infectious for HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens.

19. If It’s Warm, Wet, and Not Yours, DON’T Touch It!

20. How to Reduce Your Risk
Needles and other sharps must be discarded in rigid, leak-proof, puncture resistance containers
When emptying trash containers, do not use your hands to compress the trash in the bag
Lift and carry the trash bag away from your body
                                                            

21. How to Reduce Your Risk
Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics or handle contact lenses in areas where there is the possibility of exposure to BBP

22. How to Reduce Your Risk Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Gloves
Masks
Eye protection
CPR microshields

23. Clean-up Procedures

24. Cleaning Up Body Fluid Spills
Please call the office or custodial staff for a body fluid spill. Keep students away from the contaminated area until cleaned.

25. Gloves Glove removal and disposal technique
Grip one glove near the cuff and peel it down until it comes off inside out. Ball it up in the palm of your gloved hand.
Place two fingers of your bare hand inside the cuff of the remaining glove and peel glove down so that it also comes off inside out with the first glove tucked inside. Never touch the outside of the glove with your bare hands.
Properly dispose of the gloves.
Wash hands immediately.

26. Hand washing
THE SINGLE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO PREVENT THE TRANSFER OF GERMS is to WASH YOUR HANDS using soap and running water.
Scrub for at least 30
seconds, rinse well,
dry with a paper towel.

27. What Should I Do If I Have Accidental Contact With Body Fluids?
Wash area thoroughly with soap and warm water
Contact School Nurse or Supervisor of Health Services Right Away!
Report to your supervisor

28. Remember! Risk of exposure to BBP in the school setting is low
Risk of HBV transmission in schools is rare
There have been no cases of HIV transmission in school

29. Kids learn from watching us!
We’re All Teachers
Kids learn from watching us!