1. US History
Test #1 Lesson Notes

2. Strategies for colonization
-Spain-Government Financed-Central and South America
-England – Joint-stock companies – Atlantic coast of North America
-France – more cooperative with Natives - Canada

4. Effects of Europeans on Indians
Diseases which led to death
Loss of land to European Whites
Resistance – King Philip’s War

5. African slaves
-Introduced in Caribbean by Spain based on an agricultural economy
-Plantations—large land holdings
-1619 – Jamestown—tobacco
-“Middle Passage”—slave passage to New World from Africa
-Forced importation of Africans to the New World
-Some slaves lived as indentured servants who eventually gained their freedom

6. Triangular Trade

8. Colonial Region Settlement
New England
Middle
Southern

9. Map of Colonial Regions

10. New England Religious Freedom Puritans – intolerant of others
Mayflower Compact – “covenant community”
Town Meetings – “Athenian” direct democracy
Rhode Island – Puritan dissenters
those who challenged the Puritans’ belief and the connection between religion and government
Fishing, Shipbuilding, small scale subsistence farming, and Lumber
“Puritan Work Ethic”

11. Mayflower Compact

12. Middle Colonies English, Dutch, and German
Religious Freedom and Economic Opportunity – tolerant of other religions
More flexible social structure
Incorporated a number of democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen
Quakers – Pennsylvania (William Penn)
Huguenots and Jews –New York
Shipbuilding, small scale farming, commerce and trade
Middle Class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers
Seaports – New York City, and Philadelphia

13. William Penn

14. Virginia and Southern Colonies
Economic Opportunity – “Free Enterprise”
Jamestown – London Company (1607)
House of Burgesses (General Assembly)—farmers had a role in representative legislatures
Indentured Servants—agreed to work on plantations to pay for passage to the New World
Plantations
Plantations were located on the Eastern Coastal Lowlands (Tidewater)
Cash crops—tobacco, rice, and indigo grown for export
African slaves provided labor/slave based economy
Poor
Shenandoah Valley and Appalachian foothills
Scots
Subsistence farming
“Cavaliers”
nobility who received large land grants
Dominated colonial government and society
Maryland – Catholics
Southern colonies had close ties to the Church of England (Anglican Church)
Family Status – Politics
Slavery based economy eventually leads to American Civil War

15. Jamestown

16. “Great Awakening”
A religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies in the mid-1700s
Led to rapid growth of evangelical religions
Baptists and Methodists
Challenged established Government and religious order
Helped lay social foundations for American Revolution

17. French and Indian War
War between England and France over land in New World
England wins and the French are driven from Canada and areas west of Appalachian Mountains
After winning, England takes several steps that angered the colonists
Proclamation of 1763—prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mts.
New Taxes—Stamp Act
Quartering Act

19. Events leading to Separation
Boston Massacre
British troops fired on Anti-British demonstrators
Committees of Correspondence
Help unify the colonies
Colonies corresponded to each by letter
Boston Tea Party
Caused Great Britain to pass the Intolerable Acts, closing Boston harbor until tea was paid for
1st Continental Congress—All representatives except Georgia—near complete unity

20. Ideals – John Locke - Enlightenment
Natural Rights of Man
All men are free and equal
People have the rights to life, liberty, and property
Social Contract Theory
Power with people
Established a system of ordered liberty
Limited power of the government
People have the right to rebel if government breaks contract
Taxation without Representation
His ideas were radical for the time—challenging old world order of government (emperors, kings, etc.)

21. Common Sense—Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine—first to assert the right to form a new nation
His Common Sense contributed to growing sentiment for independence

22. Thomas Paine

23. Declaration of Independence—Thomas Jefferson (from Virginia)
Reflects the views of Locke and Paine
People created equal
Natural rights of all men
Power by consent of governed (people)
Right to rebel
Detail of grievences as described in Common Sense

24. Thomas Jefferson

25. Effect of the Declaration of Independence
Increased political, social, and economic participation
Political participation (equality)
Extending the franchise (right to vote)
Upholding due process
Free public education
Social participation (liberty)
Abolish slavery
Rights for women and minorities
Economic participation
Free enterprise system
Economic opportunity
Protecting property rights

26. Difference among the colonists before revolution
Patriots
Complete independence from Great Britain
Locke, Patrick Henry, George Washington (leader)
Loyalists (Tories)
Loyal to Great Britain
Believed taxation of colonies by GB was justified
Neutralists
Tried to stay uninvolved

27. Factors leading to colonial victory
Diplomatic
Ben Franklin negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France
War did not prove popular in Great Britain
Military
George Washington—leader of American Army
He avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his army
His leadership kept the army together
America had help from France (army and navy) a the Battle of Yorktown

28. George Washington

29. Major Battles Lexington and Concord – Minutemen
First shots of the war
Meant no chance of a peaceful resolution
Saratoga—turning point of the war
Convinces France to join the war on the side of the colonists
Proved the colonists may have a chance at winning the war
Yorktown (1781)—where Great Britain surrendered to the colonists
Treaty of Paris ending the war established the western boundary of the United States as the Mississippi River

30. Minutemen

31. Battles of Lexington and Concord

32. British surrender @ Yorktown