1. Bacteria cells reproduce differently from other single celled organisms. What form of asexual reproduction do they use? a. binary fission b. budding c. alternation of generation d. bacteriophage

2. An organism’s normal body cell has 28 chromosomes, what is the haploid number found in that organism’s gametes? a.28 b.56 c.14 d.120

3. A Karyotype is a diagnostic tool used to show an organisms… a. family history b. chromosome arrangement c. blood type d. chance of having a recessive trait

4. In what phase of cellular division is the following cell? a.Prophas b.metaphase c.Anaphase d.telophase

5. What phase of the cell life cycle is found immediately after telophase in mitosis? a.Cytokinesis b.Synthesis c.Interkinesis d.fragmentation

6. What type of cell division produces haploid cells with ½ the normal number of chromosomes? a.binary fission b.Mitosis c.Meiosis d.fritosis

7. Which of the following is a part of the sexual reproduction process? a.haploid gametes b.binary fission c.Cytokinesis d.budding

8. “Crossing Over” can occur within what phase of meiosis division? a.Interphase b.Interkinesis c.Prophase I d.Metaphase II

9. What term describes the moment the sperm cell enters the egg cell in sexual reproduction? a.Fertilization b.Zygote c.Sublimation d.translation

10. Which cells are not formed during meiosis? a.somatic cells b.Gametes c.egg cells d.sperm cells

11. Who is considered to be the father of modern Genetics? a.Frederick Griffith b.Louis Pasteur c.Charles Darwin d.Gregor Mendel

12. Which of the following is not one of the 7 variations of garden pea plants? a.leaf shape b.flower position c.seed shape d.pod shape

13. Which of the following is a true example of an organism’s genotype? a. Tall b. Short c. Gy d. Gg

14. What is the probability of a couple having 4 offspring, all girls? a.o% b.½ c.1/3 d.1/10

15. The parent cross of Bb x Bb where B= Black fur and b= white fur produces the following punnett square. Which of the following results are reflected in the chart? a.100% Black fir b.75% Black fir c.50% Black fir d.25% Black fir

16. What is the best term to describe the shape of a DNA molecule? a.Double Helix b.Single Helix c.Triple Helix d.Tetrad

17. If there is no true dominant trait, and hybrid offspring can result, the trait can be said to be… a. Completely Dominant b. Incomplete Dominant c. Co-dominant d. Pseudo-dominant

18. In the following family pedigree, what is the best description of the trait being studied? a. sex linked dominant, b. sex linked recessive, c. autosomal dominant, d. autosomal recessive

19. A DNA subunit that has a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen base and a phosphate group is called the… a.Base b.Codon c.Gene d.Nucleotide

20. Which nitrogen base is always paired with adenine in a DNA molecule? a.Adenine b.Uracil c.Guanine d.Thymine

21. Protein synthesis usually occurs in one specific direction. Which of the following best represents this flow? a. DNA Protein RNA b. Protein RNA DNA c. RNA Protein DNA d. DNA RNA Protein

22. Watson and Crick benefited from the work of which scientist who observed photograph refraction of X-rays of DNA? a. Oswald Avery b. Rosalind Franklin c. Jane Goodall d. Leumas Nortac

23. The primary role of RNA in the cell is… a.Protein Synthesis b.Cell reproduction c.Metabolism d.Active Transport

24. Which is the process by which a copy of RNA is produced from a segment of DNA? a.Transcription b.Translation c.Replication d.Duplication

25. There are ___________essential amino acids? a.4 b.16 c.20 d.25

26. Why would scientists use bacteria to genetically reproduce human insulin? a.bacteria are living b.bacteria are smal c.bacteria reproduce quickly d. bacteria do not have their own DNA

27. The production of a complete organism from a somatic cell in which the genetic material in the new organism is an exact copy of the original organism is called a.Cloning b.Copying c.Homeostasis d.electrophoresis

28. Scientists have completed the main phase of the Human Genome Project. What have they accomplished through this project? a. They used a single cell from one organism to create an identical organism. b. They created a single pedigree for every genetic disorder. c. They created DNA synthetically in a laboratory. d. They identified the sequence of base pairs in human genes.

29. To maintain homeostasis means to- a. establish a habitat b. remain in one place c. cause internal change d. keep a constant internal environment

30. Which of the following statement(s) are true about mutations? I. Mutations always have a negative effect on the individual. II. Mutations can have a positive effect on an individual. III. Mutations can have no effect on an individual. IV. Mutations can have a negative effect on an individual. a.I only b.I and III only c.II, III, and IV only d.I, II, III, and IV