1. Subjunctive Mood--Present Jussive & Purpose Clauses
Wheelock XXVIII
Subjunctive Mood--Present
Jussive & Purpose Clauses

2. Recall... Verbs have... Person Number Tense Voice Mood
Mood: "manner" of expressing a verbal action
- Imperative, Indicative, Subjunctive

3. Moods Imperative: emphatically commands someone to undertake an action
Indicative: indicates real actions (ones that have occurred, that are occurring, or almost definitely will occurr)
Subjunctive: in general, the mood of potential, tentative, hypothetical, ideal, or unreal action
forms are okay... translating can be tricky

4. Present Subjunctive *We fear a liar*
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
3rd-io
laudem
moneam
agam
audiam
capiam
laudēs
moneās
agās
audiās
capiās
laudet
moneat
agat
audiat
capiat
And, of course, the plural personal endings (-mus, -tis, -nt) for the plural forms
Passive would use passive endings: lauder, laudēris, laudētur, etc.
*good news: only four subjunctive tenses, i.e. present, imperfect, perfect, pluperfect the characteristic stem vowel changes
*passive would use passive endings

5. Parse the following verbs:
mittet
mittat
mittit
det
dat
6. dēlentur
7. dēleantur
8. dēleam
9. dēlēte
10. dēleamus
P, N, T, M, V or VM

6. The Jussive Subjunctive
a gentle command (from iubēre, to order)
Also known as the hortatory subjunctive (from hortor, hortarī = to urge, encourage); this is sometimes reserved for 1st person
nē is used for negative commands
We'll commonly translate with the word let but may also use may
Discipulus discat, Let the student learn or May...
Doceāmus linguam Latīnam
Nē id faciāmus
*Main clause*

7. Purpose Clauses subordinate clauses indicating purpose
ut (or nē for negative) + subjunctive
Hoc dīcit ut eōs iuvet.
He says this to help them.
... in order to help them.*
... that he may help them.
... so that he may help them.
Discēdit nē id audiat.
Cum cūrā docet ut discipulī bene discant.
*subordinate clause*

8. Translate: Identify use of the subjunctive
Ratiō dūcat, nōn fortūna.*
Arma togae cēdant.
Ex urbe nunc discēde nē metū et armīs opprimar.
Rapiāmus, amīcī, occāsiōnem dē diē.*
Fēminae ad lūdōs semper veniunt ut videant--et ut videantur.

9. Translate Dē mortuīs nihil nisi bonum dīcāmus.
In hāc rē ratiō habenda est ut monitiō et acerbitāte careat. (monitiō, -ōnis = admonition; acerbitās, -tātis = noun of acerbus)
Ut amēris, amā.
Cūr nōn mitto meōs tibi, Pontiliāne, libellōs?
Nē mihi tū mittās, Pontiliāne, tuōs.

10. Primum diem ā Sōle appellāvērunt, quī prīnceps est omnium stēllārum ut īdem diēs est prae omnibus diēbus aliīs.
Secundum diem ā Lūnā appellāvērunt, quae ex Sōle lūcem accēpit.
Tertium ab stēllā Mārtis, quae vesper appellātur.
Quārtum ab stēllā Mercuriī.
Quīntum ab stēllā Iovis.
Sextum ā Veneris stēllā quam Lūciferum appellāvērunt, quae inter omnēs stēllās plūrimum lūcis habet.
Septimum ab stēlla Sāturnī, quae dīcitur cursum suum trīgintā annīs explēre.
Apud Hebraeōs autem diēs prīmus dīcitur ūnus diēs sabbatī, quī in linguā nostrā diēs dominicus est, quem pāgānī Sōlī dēdicāvērunt.

11. Wheelock 28 Quiz
1. cursus, cursūs
5. mortuus, -a, -um
2. stēlla, stēllae
6. prīnceps
3. vesper, vesperis
7. expleō, explēre
4. cēdō, cēdere
8. praestō, praestāre
9. Someone who is taciturn is prone to be __________.
10. A constellation is an image associated ______ a group of ___________.
11. Vespers is the prayer service held in the _________.

12. Conjugate lego, legere, lēgī, lectum in the present active subjunctive.
Conjugate cogitō, cogitāre, cogitāvī, cogitātum in the present passive subjunctive.
Translate:
Ut amēris, amā.
Ratiō ducat, nōn fortuna.
Rapiāmus occāsiōnem dē diē.
Vīvāmus, mea Lesbia, atque amēmus.
Conturbēmus illa, nē sciāmus numerum bāsiōrum.
4. What type of clause is ut amēris in Sentence A?
5. What usage of the subjunctive is present in
Sentence D?