1. Civil Rights Movement
SSUSH22: The student will identify dimensions of the Civil Rights Movement,
Explain the importance of Presidents Truman’s order to integrate the U.S. military & the federal government
Identify Jackie Robinson & the integration of baseball
Explain Brown v. Board of Education & efforts to resist the decision.
Describe the significance of Martin Luther King, Jr’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail & his I Have a Dream Speech
Describe the causes and consequences of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 & the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

2. Integration of Major League Baseball
After WWII, people fought to end segregation
It began in the most popular sport of the time
1947- Jackie Robinson
First African American to play for a major league baseball team
Brooklyn Dodgers
Signed Robinson; rookie of the year in 1947
He was the most valuable player in 1949
Inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1962

3. Integration of the U.S. military
July 1948: Truman issued executive order 9981
Banning racial discrimination in the military
No longer would there be separate units in the military
Korean War was the first time white troops & African American troops fought along side each other

4. Brown vs. Board of Education
Declared the “Separate but Equal” law unconstitutional & denied African American students their right to the 14th Amendment
Reversed the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson
Governor of Arkansas tried to keep students from attending Central High School in Little Rock– become known as the Little Rock Nine
President Eisenhower is forced to send Federal troops to enforce the integration

5. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Led the Montgomery Bus Boycott—it was a success
Began the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
An alliance of church-based African American organizations dedicated to ending discrimination
Pledged to use nonviolent resistance
King called it confronting “the forces of hate with the power of love”

6. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Nonviolent protestors began to focus on Birmingham, AL
SCLC began a series of boycotts, marches, & sit-ins to protest the segregation laws of the city
Hundreds of participants; many were jailed; the number of protestors willing to go to jail started to decline
SCLC then started to use school children
1,000 youth marched in the streets; 600 of those were arrested
Protesters started the next day & were met with dogs, fire hoses, & nightsticks
Public support increased when these attacks appeared in newspapers & on TV

7. Letter from Birmingham Jail
Dr. King wrote this while confined to jail in 1963
This was written to local religious leaders who urged him to slow down his protests; published in the newspapers & offered a response to critics who questioned the need for protests
Very effective in getting President Kennedy to take a stand on civil rights

9. I Have a Dream
1963; to build more support for the civil rights movement; African American leaders organized a March on Washington
More than 200,000 people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial
A. Philip Randolph spoke & Dr. King gave the final speech

11. Civil Rights Act of 1964 Success of the march was short-lived
September of young girls were killed when a bomb exploded in a Birmingham church
November of 1963-President Kennedy was assassinated
Lyndon Johnson supported a new civil rights bill
It was passed in 1964
Banned the discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
Outlawed discrimination in public accommodations & gave the Justice Department the authority to bring lawsuits to enforce school desegregation

12. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Activists also focused on voting rights for African Americans
Their focus was Mississippi; where only 5% of the African American population was registered to vote
Violence soon erupted where officials were trying to register voters
Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) workers were arrested & attacked by protestors

13. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Violence worried many Af-Am, who refused to register to vote
SNCC used a new strategy; use white volunteers
Twenty-fourth Amendment was passed (1964)
Banned the payment of poll taxes
Freedom Summer began in 1964; white volunteers when to Mississippi to register voters
In June the bodies of some of these volunteers were discovered
These murders shocked Americans; volunteers continued to try to register voters

14. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Civil rights workers began a campaign in Selma, AL
Protest march from Selma to Montgomery; some 600 people began the 54 mile walk; were attacked by the police
Thousands of Americans began to show their support
President Johnson was also shocked by “Bloody Sunday” & urged the passage of a voting rights bill

16. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Protestors, with the protection of the National Guard completed their march
Voting Rights Act of 1965 was signed 5 months later
Put the entire registration process under federal control
Federal examiners came to the South to sign up new African American voters