1. Option F: Microbes and Biotechnology (HL only)
F.5 Metabolism of Microbes

2. F.5.1 Define the terms photoautotroph, photoheterotroph, chemoautotroph, chemohetertroph
F.5.2 State one example of a photoautotroph, photoheterotroph, chemoautotroph, chemoheterotroph
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Photoautrotroph: chlorophyll allows microbes to trap light energy and transfer it to chemical bond energy (i.e. cyanobacteria Anabaena)
Chemoautotroph: creates own food using the chemical bonds of inorganic molecules (Nitrosomonas  ammonia)
Photoheterotroph: can convert between anabolic and catabolic reactions (photosynthesis to respiration) (i.e. Rhodobacter sphaeroides)
Chemoheterotroph: ingest and break down foods containing glucose for energy (i.e. Saccharomyces)
Autotroph = self feeder
Heterotroph = other feeder

3. F.5.3 Compare photoautotrophs with photoheterotrophs in terms of energy sources and carbon sources
Light
Light and organic compounds
Carbon sources
Carbon dioxide
Organic compounds
F.5.4 Compare chemoautotrophs with chemoautotrophs in terms of energy sources and carbon sources
Chemoautotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs
Energy Source
Inorganic compounds
Organic compounds
Carbon sources
Carbon dioxide

4. F.5.5 Draw and label a diagram of a filamentous cyanobacterium
Heterocysts develop every 9 – 15 cells
Interdependence:
Heterocysts: fix dinitrogen to nitrogen compounds (i.e. ammonia)
Photosynthetic cells: produce carbohydrates

5. F.5.6 Explain the use of bacteria in the bioremediation of soil and water
Bacteria or fungi are used remove contaminants (energy sources) in the environment OR converts them to a harmless form
Ex: Pseudonomas used to clean up oil spills