1. THE 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY

2. THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY
Location
Place
Human-Environment Interaction
Movement
Regions

3. LOCATION Where are we? Relative Location Absolute Location
You are Here
LOCATION Where are we?
Absolute Location
A latitude and longitude (global location) or a street address (local location).
Paris France is 48o North Latitude and 2o East Longitude.
The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.
Relative Location
Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance. From one place to another.
Go 1 mile west on main street and turn left for 1 block.

4. Map Scale
Details are omitted because of space. Level of detail and amount of area covered on a map depend on scale
Small scale map: depicts a large area; little detail.
Ex: world map
Large scale map: depicts a small area; greater details
Ex: city map

5. Map Scale
Ratio/fraction: numerical ratio btw distance on map and Earth’s surface
Ex: 1:24,000 or 1/24,000 (1 is the unit on map=24,000 of the same unit on the ground)
Written scale: describes relation btw map and Earth in words
Ex: “1 inch equals 1 mile” = 1 inch on map equals 1 mile on surface
Graphic scale: bar lone marked to show distance on Earth’s surface
Ex: use ruler to measure distance on map and hold against bar ling and read correlating number

6. Projection Method of transferring locations on Earth
Advantages and disadvantages of maps and globes?

7. Projection Distortion may occur (especially in world maps) 1) Shape
Map appear more elongated or squat
2) Distance
Increase or decrease
3) Relative Size
One area seems larger than another map but in reality it is small
4) Direction

8. Projection
Mercator: pros—little shape distortion, consistent direction, map rectangular. Cons—heavy distortion at the poles. High latitude appears larger than reality.
Robinson: pros—useful for oceans; cons—land areas are smaller
The West Wing: Why are we changing maps?

9. What is it like there, what kind of place is it?
Physical Characteristics
Landforms (mountains, rivers, etc.), climate, vegetation, wildlife, soil, etc.
Human Characteristics
What are the main languages, customs, and beliefs.
How many people live, work, and visit a place.

10. Place Names Toponym: name given to a place
Founder, religious, landscape, physical environment
Site: Physical character of a place
Climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, elevation.
Situation: Location of a place relative to other places.
Relative location

11. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
How do humans and the environment affect each other? Also known as cultural ecology
We depend on it.
People depend on the Tennessee River for water and transportation.
We modify it.
People modify our environment by
heating and cooling buildings for comfort.
We adapt to it.
We adapt to the environment by wearing
clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and
winter (coats), rain and shine.

12. MOVEMENT How are people, goods, ideas moved from place to place?
Human Movement
Trucks, Trains, Planes
Information Movement
Phones, computer ( ), mail
Idea Movement
How do fads move from place to place?
TV, Radio, Magazines

13. Movement
Diffusion: Process of a characteristic spreading across space.
Hearth: where an innovation originates.
Relocation diffusion: spread of an idea through physical movement of people.
Ex: Spanish speaking culture in Miami, FL. Spread of AIDS across continents.

14. Expansion Diffusion: spread of a feature from one place to another in snowball fashion.
Hierarchical diffusion: from person or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places. Ex: hip hop music
Contagious diffusion: rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic through population. Ex: Ideas on the internet.
Stimulus diffusion: spread of principle; characteristic fails to diffuse. Ex: computers sold

15. REGIONS How are Regions similar to and different from other places?
Formal Regions (uniform)
Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States, Countries, Cities)
Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown).
Functional Regions (node)
Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell phone coverage area).
Vernacular Regions (perceptual)
Regions defined by peoples perception (middle east, the south, etc.)

16. Formal Regions

17. Functional Regions

18. Vernacular Regions

19. Remembering the 5 themes
If you can’t remembering what they are just ask MR. HELP!!!
M – Movement
R – Regions
HE – Human Environment interaction
L – Location
P - Place

20. Your assignment
Describe you and your family using the 5 Themes of Geography.
Make sure you use every theme.
Type your biography, double space.