1. FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY Making A Case PROFILING – THE BOTTOM-UP APPROACH

2. Purpose of Profiling Identifications Identifications Suggestions Suggestions Predictions Predictions Rehabilitations Rehabilitations Fictional killer Hannibal Lecter despised profiling The CIA keeps updating its profile on Osama Bin Ladin

3. Theories of Profiling 1 BEHAVIOURISM BEHAVIOURISM Learning Learning Environment Environment Consistency Consistency Real life e.g.s Real life e.g.s Ivan Pavlov – classical conditioning BF Skinner – operant conditioning

4. Creating A Profile The offence The offence The site The site Victimology Victimology Interaction style Interaction style Ted Bundy preyed on girls who reminded him of his college sweetheart

5. Bottom-Up profiling Like Tarot cards Like Tarot cards Or form tutor I.L.P.s Or form tutor I.L.P.s

6. UK profiling 1 Follows BEHAVIOURIST approach Follows BEHAVIOURIST approach Doesnt categorise offenders Doesnt categorise offenders Looks for consistency in behaviour Looks for consistency in behaviour Criminal Consistency Hypothesis Criminal Consistency Hypothesis David Canter (1994) David Canter (1994)

7. UK profiling 2 Railway Rapist, 1985 Railway Rapist, 1985 John Duffy John Duffy Criminals act in a consistent way Criminals act in a consistent way clues about non-criminal lifestyle clues about non-criminal lifestyle speech patterns speech patterns Interests Interests Obsessions Obsessions ways of behaving ways of behaving

8. Canter & Heritage (1990) CONTENT ANALYSIS CONTENT ANALYSIS 66 66 27 27 SMALLEST-SPACE ANALYSIS SMALLEST-SPACE ANALYSIS vaginal intercourse no reaction to the victim impersonal language surprise attack victim's clothing disturbed 5-FACTOR THEORY

9. Evaluation Scientific Scientific Statistics Statistics Not trying to think like a criminal Not trying to think like a criminal Deduce facts about the offender Deduce facts about the offender BUT… time consuming BUT… time consuming Pressure on police Pressure on police DNA evidence DNA evidence