1. America Becomes More Democratic

2. Industries Develop Slowly Most Americans are farmers before 1800 Few skilled workers People rush West into even more rural territory The U.S. could not compete with Britain Bankers not eager to loan money

3. The Industrial Revolution More products are now made by machines Iron industries grow Coal is the newest fuel Water powers mills Steam powers trains and ships

4. Samuel Slater Industrial Espionage Samuel Slater: Hero or Villain? “Father of the American Industrial Revolution” "Slater the Traitor”

5. Eli Whitney 1793: The Cotton Gin changes the textile industry Eli’s new idea: make all parts interchangeable

6. Farming Inventions Cyrus McCormick Invents the reaper Makes farming possible on a much larger scale John Deere invents the steel plow Farmers convert prairie sod into usable farm land

7. Land Transportation The Cumberland Road opens in 1790 The country’s first turnpike encourages settlement of the new frontier

8. Water Transportation Keelboats are replaced with steamboats Robert Fulton invents a steam powered boat in 1807 The Clermont speeds along at 4 &1/2 mph. New York to Albany in only 32 hours

9. Canals The Erie Canal opens in 1825 “The Big Ditch” connects Albany with Buffalo Heavy raw materials can now move from Lake Erie to New York City

10. Railroads The Baltimore & Ohio is the first to carry passengers Locomotives pull heavy loads faster People and freight now travel by land in all directions

11. The Pony Express Daring riders and fast horses improve communication Indians and bandits make things interesting Mail delivery times get better The telegraph ends this system after only 18 months

12. Communication Samuel Morse develops the telegraph in 1844 Cyrus Field lays an underwater cable that connects continents

13. The “Melting Pot” Early immigrants come from Western Europe The population triples from 1790-1830 New sailing ships make the voyage faster Irish & Germans come in large numbers

14. Changes in Education Mandatory public education for the working class begins in Massachusetts Horace Mann leads education changes Noah Webster writes the first American dictionary

15. American Literature Develops Washington Irving Herman Melville Nathaniel Hawthorne Edgar Allan Poe Emily Dickinson Henry David Thoreau Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Ralph Waldo Emerson

16. Writers Attack Slavery John Greenleaf Whittier: Anti-Slavery Society Harriet Beecher Stowe: causes an uproar over slavery with “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” William Lloyd Garrison publishes a newspaper “The Liberator”

17. A Former Slave Inspires Americans Frederick Douglass: famous abolitionist Escapes and ultimately buys his freedom Self-taught; excellent speaker Publishes antislavery newspaper “The North Star”