1. Ten “People” Who Have Influenced the History of Instructional Design and Technology Porter W. Palmer September 16, 2007 IST 5003

2. Thomas Edison In 1913, Edison predicted that with the invention and use of the motion picture, books would soon be obsolete in schools.

3. United States Army Air Force During World War II, The USAAF produced film-based training materials. Germany had not anticipated how quickly America was able to train personnel.

4. During World War II, Gagné conducted research and helped develop the training materials for the USAAF. Robert M. Gagné http://web.syr.edu/~hcavino/social_learning_theory.htm#Instructional%20Theory

5. Federal Communications Commission In 1952, The FCC set aside 242 television channels known today to most Americans as educational or public television.

6. Edsel Ford In the 1950s and 1960s, the Ford Foundation spent more than 170 million dollars on educational television

7. Burrhus Frederic "Fred" Skinner Skinner described the characteristics of effective instructional materials. He used data to support the specific materials and methods. Craig Swanson Enterprises. Copyright © 2007

8. Socrates Socrates believed questioning to be the only defensible form of teaching. The Socratic method is one of the oldest examples of instructional design.

9. Benjamin Bloom

10. The Soviet Union The launch of Sputnik caused the United States to throw millions of dollars at math and science education, without actually considering effectiveness of materials. The terms formative and summative evaluation were coined as a result of these ineffective instructional materials.

11. Al Gore “Invented the internet” No, he didn’t actually say that. The World Wide Web was invented by these two guys in Switzerland in 1989. It is the opinion of this writer that this invention has been the most powerful historical event in the history of instructional technology thus far.

12. Honorable Mentions AECT- created a single sentence definition Dick, Carey, and Carey- ADDIE IBM- computer-assisted instruction Tyler to Glaser- criterion-referenced measures Constructivists- authentic instruction Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau- for actually inventing the Web.